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Led Outside the Gate
CGG Weekly by David C. GrabbeThe Miphkad Gate held a significant role in the context of Jesus Christ's crucifixion. This eastern gate of the Temple, known as the Miphkad Gate, was linked to the appointed place, or Miphkad Altar, located on a slope of the Mount of Olives, east of the Temple Mount, separated by the Brook Kidron. During sin offerings, priests would take the body of the sacrificed animal through the Miphkad Gate, over the bridge spanning the Kidron Valley, to this distant altar for burning and disposal, outside the camp, away from God's presence. This location ties directly to Christ's crucifixion, as He was crucified outside the gate, in an area near the Miphkad Altar, where the centurion with Him could witness the veil of the Temple torn in two. Additionally, the Miphkad Gate and Kidron bridge served a purpose on the Day of Atonement, as the azazel goat, bearing the sins of the nation, was led through this eastern route out of the Temple and into the wilderness, mirroring the path Christ took in His meek submission to being led outside the camp.
Eden, The Garden, and the Two Trees (Part Two)
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by John W. RitenbaughThe Miphkad Gate emerges within a broader study tracing the geographical continuity of God's dealings with mankind, from Eden through the Tabernacle, the Temple, and into the millennial Temple described by Ezekiel. It is explicitly identified in Nehemiah 3:31, which mentions "the gate Miphkad," a location associated with the Nethinims and merchants near the corner of the wall. This gate is not the altar itself but the entrance leading to it, sharing the same name, Miphkad, because it served as the passage through which one reached the little-known third altar of the Temple system, known as the Miphkad altar or the altar of the red heifer. The Hebrew word miphkad carries several related meanings—numbering, appointment, inspection, recruiting, and census—all of which point toward the theme of judgment. This connects to the account of David's census, which resulted in divine judgment and ultimately led to the purchase of Araunah's threshing floor, the very site later identified as Mount Moriah, where Solomon built the Temple. The term also appears in Ezekiel 44:1, translated as "the gate of the outward sanctuary," and again in Ezekiel 43:21, where it is rendered "the appointed place." These three occurrences—Nehemiah, and the two in Ezekiel—constitute the complete biblical usage of the word in this specific application, and each instance reinforces the connection between the gate, the altar, and the concept of divine oversight and judgment. Geographically, the Miphkad Gate provided access across the Kidron Valley to the Miphkad altar, located roughly 2,000 cubits east of the Temple—about a thousand yards—placing it near the southern peak of the Mount of Olives. In Christ's day, a double-arched bridge crossed the valley specifically so that priests could transport the red heifer and sin-offering remains to this altar without becoming ceremonially defiled. The gate, therefore, functioned as the formal threshold between the Temple precincts and this outlying altar, paralleling the single east-facing entrance found in Eden, the Tabernacle, and the Temple itself—each structure having only one point of access, always oriented toward the east. This detail fits into a larger pattern demonstrating that Eden, the Tabernacle, and the Temple were all built according to the same threefold design, modeled after a heavenly original. Just as the Garden of Eden had one entrance guarded by cherubim to the east, and the Tabernacle and Temple each had a single doorway on the east side, the Miphkad Gate represents the outermost point of controlled access within this pattern, marking the boundary through which the unique red heifer offering had to pass before being wholly consumed outside the camp. Its association with themes of numbering, inspection, and judgment ties directly to the larger discussion of sin offerings for the anointed priest and the whole congregation, portions of which were carried out through such an eastern threshold, symbolically moving away from God's presence. Thus, the Miphkad Gate stands as a specific architectural and theological marker within the sacred geography connecting Eden, Jerusalem, and the future Temple, reinforcing the consistent, unvarying pattern by which God has structured His dwelling and His dealings with mankind from the beginning.
Eden, The Garden, and The Two Trees (Part Three)
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by John W. RitenbaughThe Miphkad Altar occupies a pivotal place in a sequence of symbolic connections stretching from Eden to Christ's crucifixion. Situated on the southern peak of the Mount of Olives, it was the third altar associated with the Tabernacle and Temple system, distinct from the Incense Altar before the Holy of Holies and the Brazen Altar just outside the Tabernacle's only door. Unlike those elevated structures, the Miphkad Altar sat directly on the ground, humble by comparison, located roughly 3,000 feet, about six-tenths of a mile, from the center of the Holy Place. This distance was significant because it placed the altar outside the "camp," the imaginary circle with a 2,000-cubit radius (traceable to Joshua 3:3-4) within which ordinary Israelites could not approach the Tabernacle. The Miphkad Altar was thus located outside the gate and outside the camp, matching Paul's statement in Hebrews 13:10-13 that Jesus suffered "without the gate" so that sin offerings burned there could sanctify the people. The name Miphkad itself means "numbering," carrying the implication of judgment, evidence being tallied and accounted for, much as judgments in the Old Testament were traditionally rendered at the city gate. A bridge spanning the Kidron Valley connected Jerusalem's eastern gate to this altar, across which priests carried sin offerings, most notably the Red Heifer and the Day of Atonement sacrifices, to be burned to ashes. Ezekiel refers to this location as the "outward sanctuary" and the "clean place" where ashes were poured out. The ashes from the Red Heifer, mixed with water, cedar, hyssop, and scarlet, produced the purification waters used to cleanse sin. This location's significance becomes clear when connected to the crucifixion. Since Jesus was condemned as a transgressor, He had to be executed outside the camp, precisely the area near the Miphkad Altar. This site, near the top of the Mount of Olives, stood in direct line of sight of the Temple, explaining how the tearing of the great Temple curtain, seventy or eighty feet high, could be witnessed by the crowd present at the crucifixion. The Day of Atonement sacrifice, representing Christ as the sin offering, bypassed the Brazen Altar entirely and was carried straight to the Miphkad Altar, underscoring that Jesus's atoning death corresponds directly to this location. Further confirmation comes through the word Golgotha, wrongly associated with a skull-shaped site. Golgotha derives from the Hebrew golgolet, meaning "poll" or "head," as used in census-counting contexts like Numbers 1:2. Golgotha was thus Jerusalem's polling or counting place, directly linked etymologically and geographically to the Miphkad, the "counting gate." This ties the crucifixion site precisely to the Mount of Olives, near the Miphkad Altar, fulfilling the Roman practice of crucifying criminals at the scene of the crime and place of arrest, both of which occurred at the Mount of Olives (the triumphal entry and Gethsemane). This location also echoes Abraham's naming of the place where he offered Isaac, Jehovah-jireh, "in the mount of the Lord it shall be seen," linking Isaac's typological sacrifice to Christ's actual sacrifice near the same site, where the Red Heifer's burning at the Miphkad Altar prefigured the ultimate means of purification from sin through Jesus Christ.