The black horse, revealed at the opening of the third seal in Revelation 6:5-6, represents famine and scarcity. Its rider holds a pair of scales, symbolizing the rationing and careful measurement of food during shortage. A voice from among the four living creatures, understood to be God Himself, declares extortionate prices: a quart of wheat or three quarts of barley for a denarius, a full day's wage, while oil and wine remain unharmed. The black color signifies mourning and ill health. This scarcity often arises from man's inhumanity through war, oppression, corruption, and economic pressures, striking with irregularity. God limits these judgments, sparing oil and wine, echoing the famines Jesus Christ warned of as part of the beginning of sorrows.

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The Four Horsemen (Part Four): The Black Horse

'Prophecy Watch' by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

The black horse and its rider, as the third horseman in Revelation 6:5-6, embody the scourge of famine and scarcity that plagues humanity. The black color of the horse symbolizes the mournful and unhealthy state of those enduring want and hunger, evoking images of dirt and squalor among the destitute. The rider carries a pair of scales, a tool historically used to weigh goods in the marketplace, signifying the rationing of essentials like bread during times of famine when every ounce of flour becomes precious. This imagery reflects a dire economic oppression where basic sustenance is measured out at extortionate prices, leaving the common man struggling to survive. A voice from the midst of the four living creatures, understood to be God Himself, declares the disastrous prices of grain: a quart of wheat for a denarius, and three quarts of barley for a denarius, with the command not to harm the oil and the wine. These prices, far beyond normal, force an agonizing choice between barely surviving on costly wheat or stretching resources with cheaper barley, neither option allowing for health or advancement, especially for those with families. While oil and wine, staples of the diet, remain available, the average person lacks the means to afford them, spending all on mere flour for bread. This ongoing famine, following the wars of the second horseman, keeps humanity weak and poor through oppression and corruption, fulfilling the rider's lethal purpose as a divine judgment on mankind's greed and violence. Presented by the third living creature with a face like a man, the black horse's rider underscores the human element in these calamities. Famine often results from man's inhumanity, whether through wars that destroy farmland and commerce, or through oppressive systems that prioritize control over people's basic needs. Even natural disasters like drought and flooding, which exacerbate hunger, frequently bear human causes such as poor land management or unwise development. Thus, the black horse and its rider cultivate and reap the seeds of scarcity sown by war and oppression, perpetuating a cycle of misery and deprivation across generations.

Famine (Part Two): Behold, a Black Horse

Sermon by Martin G. Collins

The black horse, as depicted in Revelation 6:5-6, represents scarcity and famine, emerging as the third seal is opened. Its rider holds a pair of scales in his hand, symbolizing the careful measurement and rationing of food during times of dire shortage. A voice accompanies this vision, proclaiming that food prices would soar to up to ten times their normal rates, with a denarius—equivalent to a day's wage—barely sufficient to purchase basic staples. This rider embodies a period when essential goods become exorbitantly priced, and scarcity grips the land, forcing people to guard precious foodstuffs like oil and wine, which are not luxuries but necessities of life. These conditions echo the warnings Jesus Christ gave in Matthew 24:5-12, describing an age marked by widespread famine among other interrelated crises, highlighting the ongoing human suffering that intensifies through time as part of the beginning of sorrows.

Scarcity Amid Plenty

'Prophecy Watch' by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

The apostle John describes the opening of the third seal, revealing a black horse whose rider holds a pair of scales. A voice declares that a quart of wheat or three quarts of barley will cost a denarius, while oil and wine remain unharmed. The color black signifies mourning and ill health arising from scarcity, and the scales introduce an economic dimension of rationing staple grains at inflated prices equivalent to a full day's wage for minimal sustenance. This imagery depicts famine that strikes with irregularity, as some foods stay abundant while others become scarce, some people suffer greatly while others remain largely unaffected, and some regions endure severe hardship while others experience little disruption. Such conditions arise not primarily from insufficient global production but from economic pressures including fuel inflation, diversion of crops to biofuels, and rising demand from developing nations, compounded by political instability, warlord interference, and corrupt governance that block distribution of available supplies. These factors align with the sequence of the seals, where deception and war precede and intensify famine. The command to spare oil and wine indicates that God limits the scope of these judgments, allowing disparity rather than uniform catastrophe, and points to human decisions as a contributing element alongside natural events. In this way the black horse illustrates recurring historical patterns of controlled scarcity amid plenty, underscoring the fragility of global systems and the consequences when human authority operates apart from divine guidance.

So Easily Deceived

Commentary by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

The Black Horse of Revelation 6, representing the third seal, is directly connected to a discussion of unreliable information sources and unfolding weather-related crises that could trigger global famine. Reflection on how to verify claims found on the Internet leads to a recollection of a lecture given around 1968 or 1969, in which a hierarchy of information reliability was outlined: word of mouth as the least reliable, followed by eyewitness accounts, then newspapers, then news magazines, and finally books as the most accurate, though none are perfect. The common factor determining accuracy across all these sources is time, since the more time available to verify information, the more likely it is to be reported correctly. This raises a significant challenge for the present age, where instant, electronically driven news leaves little opportunity for careful verification. This concern is illustrated through a series of unconfirmed but consequential news reports. Weather satellites reportedly detected a dramatic reduction in the volume of warm water in the Gulf Stream, which some linked to the BP oil disaster due to the similarity in timing between the two events. Shortly afterward, Russia experienced one of its hottest summers on record, severely damaging its grain production, which is vital to its national economy alongside oil and gas exports. Then a British newspaper reported that a respected Russian meteorologist warned the Russian government that the same decline in Gulf Stream warm water could result in the coldest winter in a thousand years, since the warm air that normally buffers Russia from Arctic cold would be insufficient. The Russian government was reported to be taking this warning seriously enough to improve insulation, repair heating systems, and prepare shelters for the homeless in Moscow. The seriousness of this potential crisis is heightened by the fact that American food production is also suffering due to poor rainfall patterns and desertification, even though rainfall overall has not decreased. With two of the world's largest food producers, the United States and Russia, both facing agricultural disruption from weather extremes, grain prices could rise sharply, placing them out of reach for the poorest nations. This scenario has led to forecasts of rampant starvation beginning in 2011. These developments are tied to the prophetic significance of the Black Horse in Revelation 6, which symbolizes famine and economic hardship. The convergence of weather anomalies, agricultural decline, and rising grain prices is presented as a possible real-world manifestation of what God prophesied through this seal. However, the truth of these weather reports remains uncertain, and no definitive answer is given as to whether these events are accurate fulfillments of that prophecy, leaving the question open for personal reflection.

Color In Scripture

Sermon/Bible Study by

The Hebrews perceived color differently than we do, assigning symbolic significance to a number of different colors as they associate with concrete objects.