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Pentecost's Two Leavened Loaves (Part Two)
CGG Weekly by David C. GrabbeThe grain offering, central to the Feast of Weeks through the two leavened loaves, is explicitly identified in Leviticus 23:16 as an offering of the fruit of the ground. Understanding this offering requires first examining the burnt offering, which typically accompanies it. The burnt offering, described in Leviticus 1, represents wholehearted devotion of one's life to God through a substitutionary sacrifice, where the offerer's hand on the animal's head signifies transference. The entire offering is consumed on the altar for God alone, nothing remains for the offerer, and it encapsulates the first four commandments governing love toward God. The grain offering, by contrast, is bloodless and therefore does not portray death. Instead, it represents what man owes in contrast to what God claims, since life belongs to God while the fruit of the ground was given to mankind, as seen in Genesis 1:29 and reinforced by Genesis 9:3-6 and Leviticus 17:10-14. Specifically, the grain offering represents the fruit of one's labor concerning the produce of the earth. Beyond the grain itself, the offering includes oil and frankincense, both also products of labor: the harvesting and pressing of olives, and the collecting and refining of frankincense, which releases its aroma when heat is applied. Salt, too, requires labor to gather and filter. Various forms of the grain offering exist, from roasted whole grains to finely ground flour or baked cakes, all requiring human effort. Unlike the burnt offering, the grain offering is not substitutionary; it does not represent an individual in life or death but rather the product of one's labor from God's abundance. Though offered to God, only a memorial portion is burned on the altar, while the bulk benefits the priest, meaning the offering pictures devotion to others through service and generosity. Nothing remains for the offerer, just as with the burnt offering. In this way, the grain offering encapsulates the last six commandments, those governing love toward fellow man. This theme of generosity toward others is reinforced in Leviticus 23:22, which instructs that harvesters leave the corners of their fields and gleanings for the poor and the stranger. This statute, easily misunderstood as incidental, actually flows directly from the grain offering's meaning of giving humanity its due from what God has provided. The grain offering also connects to the concept of firstfruits, as seen in Exodus 23:16 and Leviticus 23:17. Firstfruits represent the early and often best portion of any harvest, whether barley, wheat, olives, grapes, or honey, and their appearance signals the beginning rather than the completion of a harvest. The New Testament applies this concept variously to God's Spirit, Abraham, early converts, the resurrected Christ, those regenerated by God, and a portion of the redeemed. Whether the Pentecost grain offering specifically correlates to one of these applications remains to be explored further, but its essential symbolism remains clear: it pictures service, devotion, and giving mankind what is due as an offering to God.
The Meaning of the Offering
Sermonette by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)The New Covenant sacrifices are far more demanding than the Old Covenant sacrifices. But there are poignant lessons to be learned from animal sacrifices.
The Two Wave Loaves of Pentecost
Sermon by David C. GrabbeThe offerings of the Old Testament are like divine parables, acted out to teach about the Messiah, unveiling a beautiful picture once we understand the symbols.
The Sacrifices of Leviticus (Part 5)
Sermon by John W. RitenbaughThe meal offering represents the intense self-sacrifice required in service to man. Our service to man must be done for God's sake rather than man's appreciation.
The Sacrifices of Leviticus (Part 4)
Sermon by John W. RitenbaughThe meal offering represents the second Great Commandment, love toward fellow man. Our service to others requires much grinding self-sacrifice and surrender.
Abel Glorified God!
Sermonette by Martin G. CollinsAbel offered his sacrifice in obedience to God's instructions. We must worship Him in a spirit of truth, bringing about a profound change in heart.
The Sacrifices of Leviticus (Part 3)
Sermon by John W. RitenbaughVarious animals were used in the burnt offering—bullocks, lambs, doves, and goats. Each depicts some characteristic of Jesus that we must emulate as we serve God.
Did Israel Offer the Wavesheaf in Joshua 5?
Article by David C. GrabbeFor decades, the church of God has struggled with counting Pentecost, especially in years when Passover falls on a Sabbath. Does Joshua 5 hold the key or not?