Haman's hatred for Mordecai is intensified by their ancestral enmity, as Haman is an Amalekite and Mordecai a Jew. The Amalekites and Jews have been bitter enemies since Israel's wanderings in the wilderness, their conflict rooted in a long history of opposition. This deep-seated animosity fuels Haman's desire not only to eliminate Mordecai but to destroy all Jews, leading him to devise a sinister plan with the king's approval to issue a decree against them across all provinces.

In the narrative of Mordecai's life, a significant conflict arises with Haman, an Amalekite who ascends to the position of prime minister under King Ahasuerus of Persia. Haman, favored by the king, secures a decree that demands all subjects bow to him. Mordecai, however, steadfastly refuses to comply, prioritizing his loyalty to God above the king's command, mindful of God's enduring opposition to the Amalekites as declared in ancient times. Enraged by Mordecai's defiance, Haman plots a vicious revenge not just against Mordecai, but against all Jews in the Persian domain. His obsession drives him to offer the king a vast sum, equivalent to millions, to sanction the extermination of the Jewish people, falsely claiming their disobedience to royal authority and adherence only to their own laws. Consequently, Ahasuerus issues a decree for the total annihilation of the Jews and the seizure of their wealth, placing Mordecai and his people in grave peril despite his years of faithful service.

In the account of Exodus 17:8-13, the Amalekites came and fought with Israel in Rephidim. Moses instructed Joshua to choose men and fight against Amalek, while Moses stood on top of the hill with the rod of God in his hand. Joshua fought as directed, and when Moses held up his hand, Israel prevailed; but when he let it down, Amalek gained the upper hand. With Moses' hands growing heavy, Aaron and Hur supported him, ensuring his hands remained steady until sunset. Through this support, Joshua defeated Amalek and his people with the edge of the sword. The battle turned in favor of the Amalekites whenever Moses could not maintain his intercession, but with the assistance of Aaron and Hur, victory was secured for Israel.