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Are Things Upside Down? (Part One)

Commentary by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

The USDA has paid costly subsidies to farmers and has mandated that they grow hybridized, gene-spliced corn and wheat, which produce a high gluten content.

Pentecost, Consistency, and Honesty

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

The "old corn" of Joshua 5:11 (KJV) was the provisions Israel had harvested from the Canaanites and set aside, not a Wavesheaf offering. Leviticus 23:14 forbids eating bread, parched corn, or green ears of a harvest until the sheaf offering is made, and some use Joshua 5:10-11 to claim Israel waved the sheaf that year, so that the count to Pentecost may begin from within the Days of Unleavened Bread. That claim fails. Exodus 23 requires the firstfruits to come from what the offerer sowed, but this grain was planted by the Canaanites while Israel was still in the wilderness. Joshua 1:10-11 shows Joshua commanding the people to prepare provisions before crossing the Jordan. They ate the old corn on the night after the Passover, the night to be much observed, which begins the first day of Unleavened Bread. A Wavesheaf offering would have been made in daylight, but they ate the parched corn before daylight came. The eating of the old corn therefore does not show a Wavesheaf offering, and the Israelites made none that year.

The Sacrifices of Leviticus (Part 4)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

The concept of corn enters the discussion of the meal offering through Isaiah 28:28, part of a parable illustrating God's orderliness, comparing His faithful, predictable ways to the methodical process of a farmer. The verse states that "bread corn is bruised," meaning that grain must be ground or bruised in order to yield any usable bread or food; as long as it remains in the berry, it serves no purpose to man. This detail carries significant spiritual weight when connected to the meal offering, since the offering's primary ingredient was flour made from ground grain. An important clarification is made regarding the word "corn" itself: in this context it does not refer to what is commonly known today as corn—the yellow and white grain grown on tall stalks. Rather, "corn" was the old English term used for whatever was the largest grain crop of a region, and in the biblical setting this would have referred to wheat or barley, the grains most likely to be made into daily bread. This distinction matters because bread made from such grain is called "the staff of life," which directly connects to Jesus Christ's own declaration that He is "the bread of life." Just as grain must be bruised and ground before it can nourish, Christ was likewise bruised—both symbolically through the grinding process of relentless, self-sacrificial service, and literally through the physical suffering of His crucifixion, where He was beaten so severely that another man had to carry His cross for Him. The ordinary grinding process, typically done only once using a hand-turned stone grinder, produced a rough, coarse result unsuitable for what God intended the meal offering to represent. Because of this, God required that the offering's flour be exceptionally fine—ground repeatedly until it resembled a substance as fine as talcum powder. This finer grinding was necessary to properly convey the spiritual lesson being taught: the flour, like Christ, needed to be thoroughly and completely broken down through repeated pressures and trials in order to fulfill its purpose perfectly. This imagery of bruised corn ties directly into the larger theme of the meal offering, which represents mankind's duty to fellowman, paralleling the second great commandment to "love your neighbor as yourself." Christ's life exemplified this principle perfectly, as He continually gave Himself in service to others despite facing rejection, hostility, and exhaustion from those He served. The bruising of corn into fine flour becomes a picture of the grinding, wearying nature of that self-sacrificial service, which parallels the grinding, pressing trials symbolized elsewhere in the offerings, such as those associated with the bullock in the burnt offering. Ultimately, the symbolism teaches that just as grain must be broken down to become useful nourishment, so too must service to others often come at the cost of personal comfort, ease, and even physical or emotional suffering, following the pattern established perfectly by Christ Himself.