The Hebrew word *chata* (H2398) is used to describe sin as missing the standard of behavior or conduct that God would exhibit in a given situation. In Luke 12:48, the term translated as "offended" comes from *chata*, indicating a failure to meet the expected standard. Similarly, in Lamentations 5:7, Jeremiah uses a related term to express how the fathers sinned by not achieving God's standard, leaving their iniquities for others to bear. Leviticus 4:2 further illustrates *chata* as sinning unintentionally, modified by the Hebrew *shegagah*, meaning inadvertently or by mistake, suggesting weakness or wandering as the cause of missing the mark. This nuanced use shows that God's judgment considers not just the act of breaking a law, but the nature and intent behind the deviation. In Psalm 58:3-4, David describes the wicked as going astray from birth, using language tied to *chata* to highlight their estrangement through ignorance or weakness. Ezekiel 44:10 also employs this concept, noting the Levites who strayed from God after idols, bearing their iniquity despite the sin stemming from carelessness or indifference. In all these contexts, *chata* underscores that even unintentional or weak deviations from God's standard cause destructive results, separating individuals from Him and impeding the purpose for which they were created.

The Hebrew word for sin, chata (H2398), translated as "khaw-taw," fundamentally means to miss or to fail to meet a standard. This term appears in various contexts across Scripture, often carrying the sense of missing the mark or deviating from what is right. In moral and ethical situations, chata is consistently rendered as sin, highlighting a failure to align with God's standards. In certain passages, such as in Job and Judges, chata illustrates the concept of missing or being out of alignment with a set standard, emphasizing that everything should be in order according to God's design. In Proverbs, when used in a moral and spiritual context, it directly translates to sin, underscoring the deviation from righteousness. Genesis shows chata in the context of sinning against another person, as seen in Abraham's unethical behavior, while in Lamentations, sins are depicted as direct offenses against God Himself. A nuanced form of chata appears in Leviticus, indicating ignorance or unintentional wandering, suggesting that such sins are inadvertent and not willful. This context reveals that God considers the circumstances surrounding the act of sin, showing mercy in His judgment. These sins of weakness, though less harshly judged, can still have devastating effects, as illustrated in Psalm 58, where even unintentional straying is likened to the poison of a cobra. Similarly, in Ezekiel, sins of straying by the Levites are noted, yet God adjusts His judgment, accounting for their weakness and lack of intent, though the consequences remain severe.

When Jesus Christ returns to the earth, He will address the sins of Israel, including those described by the Hebrew word *chata*, which means to fall short or to miss the mark. This term serves as a generic word for sin, encompassing a wide variety of meanings. Any sin not repented of will result in death. To bring Israel's sin to completion, God will pour out His Spirit on all of Israel, from old men and women to young men, women, and even children, ensuring that even babies born to Israel will have God's Spirit. This act will be part of fulfilling the prophecy concerning the restoration of Israel and Jerusalem.