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How Long, O Lord? (1994)
Sermon by John W. RitenbaughThe winepress imagery in Scripture forms one of the most vivid depictions of divine judgment associated with the fulfillment of the Feast of Trumpets. This symbolism appears in Revelation 14, where an angel gathers the "clusters of the vine of the earth" because "her grapes are fully ripe," casting them into "the great winepress of the wrath of God." The winepress is then trampled outside the city, producing blood "up to the horses' bridles" for sixteen hundred furlongs—language that is highly figurative and vivid, meant to impress upon readers the horror of coming events. This harvest is not one of salvation, unlike the wheat harvest; rather, it parallels Jesus's teaching in Matthew 13 about "the harvest at the end of the world," where wheat and tares are separated. The winepress harvest specifically pictures the tares—a grinding, painful, and terrifying judgment upon mankind. This imagery traces back to Isaiah 63, where One who is "glorious in His apparel" answers the question of why His garments are red "like one who treads in the winepress." He declares, "I have trodden the winepress alone... I have trodden them in My anger, and trampled them in My fury." This passage appears to be the source of Revelation 14's imagery, emphasizing that the destruction facing mankind will be so cataclysmic that, as Jesus Himself warned, "unless God intervenes, there would be no flesh saved alive." The winepress thus functions as a symbol of great pressure applied to gather every last drop—representing the totality and severity of the judgment. This theme connects to Joel 3, which similarly declares, "Put in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe... for the winepress is full, the vats overflow for their wickedness is great," situating this judgment in "the valley of decision" as part of "the day of the LORD." The winepress also identifies who executes this judgment. In Revelation 19, the One called "Faithful and True," clothed in a robe dipped in blood and named "The Word of God," is described as He who "treads the winepress of the fierceness and wrath of Almighty God." This reveals that Christ Himself directs the punishments at the end, appearing with the title "KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS." The winepress, therefore, stands alongside the trumpet plagues of Revelation 8-11 as part of a unified prophetic picture: successive waves of judgment designed to bring mankind to repentance before the ultimate fulfillment of the Feast of Trumpets—the return of Christ and the establishment of God's Kingdom on earth. It underscores that God's corrective judgments, though terrifying in their imagery, serve the larger purpose of awakening humanity before Atonement can be fulfilled.
How Long, O Lord?
Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)The winepress imagery emerges as one of the most vivid symbols describing the destruction accompanying Christ's return, appearing prominently in Revelation 14 and Isaiah 63. In Revelation 14:14-20, following the harvest of the earth by One like the Son of Man with a sickle, an angel gathers the "clusters of the vine of the earth" and throws them into "the great winepress of the wrath of God." This winepress is trampled outside the city, producing blood that rises to the horses' bridles across sixteen hundred furlongs. This harvest imagery, connecting to Jesus's Parable of the Wheat and Tares in Matthew 13, does not represent salvation but rather a grinding, painful judgment on those who failed to repent. Isaiah 63:1-6 provides a parallel and complementary picture, depicting Christ Himself as the one who treads the winepress. He describes His own garments as red because He has trodden the winepress alone, with no one from among the peoples to help Him, having trampled them in His anger and fury until their blood stained His robes. This passage reveals Christ's righteous anger over what humanity has done to one another and to creation, so severe that without divine intervention, no flesh would survive. The winepress functions specifically as a symbol of great pressure, connecting directly to the meaning of the word "tribulation," which itself signifies pressure. Just as a winepress applies pressure to grapes to extract every last drop of juice, so this symbol represents pressure being applied to crush people and extract judgment to its fullest measure. This is not meant to be understood as a literal winepress but as a metaphor conveying the horror and completeness of the coming destruction. The imagery is deliberately vivid and extreme so as to impress upon the reader the magnitude of what is coming upon those who have not submitted to God. This winepress imagery fits within a larger pattern found throughout Scripture where trumpets announce significant events tied to God's purposes, particularly the seventh trumpet associated with Christ's return. That trumpet combines the functions of calling an assembly, signaling a call to battle, and announcing the arrival of a King. The trumpet plagues described in Revelation unfold progressively, culminating in the winepress scene of Revelation 14, which stands as the tail-end of a series of judgments. Alongside this judgment, however, stands the deliverance of the 144,000 in the same chapter, illustrating the dual nature of these end-time events: for those who did not submit to God, it will be the worst of times, symbolized by the winepress; for those who submitted to Him, it will be the best of times, symbolized by their standing redeemed on Mount Zion. The winepress thus serves as a stark warning of judgment while simultaneously reinforcing the hope of deliverance for God's faithful people during this same period of tribulation.
God's Promises Are Sure!
'Personal' from John W. RitenbaughThe term winepress appears in connection with the interpretation of Psalm 81, a psalm whose superscription is the Hebrew word gittith. Although gittith designates a musical instrument, its literal meaning is winepress, and it was customarily associated with the fall harvest of grapes because vintners commonly used it during that season. This linguistic detail becomes significant evidence in determining which festivals the psalm addresses, since commentators are divided over whether Psalm 81 refers to the spring feasts (such as Passover) or the fall feasts (such as Trumpets and Tabernacles). Both possibilities are plausible on the surface, since Passover and Tabernacles each fall on a full moon and are preceded by a new moon at the start of the month. However, two pieces of evidence tip the balance toward the fall festivals. The winepress association of gittith is the first, since it points naturally to the autumn grape harvest rather than the spring season. The second and more decisive piece of evidence is the reference to the trumpet, which commentators agree refers to the ram's horn. Jewish tradition holds that silver trumpets were sounded at the beginning of every month except Tishri 1, the Feast of Trumpets, when the ram's horn alone was used. Together, these two clues shift the weight of interpretation toward the Trumpets-Tabernacles reading of the psalm rather than the spring-festival reading. This conclusion becomes important because Psalm 81 goes on to link this festival timing directly to Joseph's release from prison in Egypt, declaring that God established a statute or testimony "in Joseph" concerning his deliverance from bondage and elevation to power. By connecting the winepress imagery of gittith to the fall harvest season, and then linking the fall season specifically to Tishri 1, the psalm supplies the time-setting for Joseph's dramatic promotion in Genesis 41, showing that his elevation from prisoner to vice-regent of Egypt occurred on the Feast of Trumpets itself. This finding reinforces the broader argument that Trumpets, though never named explicitly in Genesis, is nonetheless alluded to through significant historical events, since Moses recorded only the most important happenings pertaining to God's purpose out of some 2,500 years of history. The winepress reference in the superscription of Psalm 81, therefore, functions as a small but meaningful piece of textual evidence that ties an ancient Hebrew musical and agricultural term to the identification of a specific holy day, ultimately strengthening the case that Joseph's deliverance from darkness into light, from prison into royal authority, serves as a type of the greater deliverance and resurrection that the Feast of Trumpets foreshadows for God's people.
Gideon's 300
Sermon by Richard T. RitenbaughGideon incrementally moved from a position of weakness and fear to a position of strength and valor as he increasingly started to trust in God to give victory.
Matthew (Part Twenty-Eight)
Sermon/Bible Study by John W. RitenbaughWhen God gives a responsibility, He gives all the tools to carry it out and the freedom to decide how to do it. He wants to see how we do with what He gives.