Early American art reveals that Lady Liberty is depicted as the Greek Athena and the Roman Minerva, known as the goddess of wisdom, philosophy, and civic virtue, and the patroness of good government in Athens and Rome. Many founders of this nation, being classically educated artists and scholars of the Revolutionary era, were well-versed in Greek and Roman mythology, influencing their representations of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty, situated in New York Harbor, embodies this connection to Minerva through its design as a woman carrying a torch, symbolizing enlightenment and freedom, yet rooted in ancient pagan imagery.

In the historical lineage of pagan deities linked to rebellion against God, Semiramis, the incestuous mother-wife of Nimrod, was known by many names across cultures, including Minerva in Egypt and Greece. As an architectural deity and goddess of fortifications, Minerva is universally represented wearing a crown of towers, symbolizing her connection to the ancient pagan Queen of Heaven. This imagery ties her to the enduring symbol of the Tower of Babel, reflecting mankind's persistent hostility and defiance against God's purpose, as seen in the modern representation of the Louise Weiss Building of the European Parliament in Strasbourg.