The restoration of all things centers on God's ultimate purpose of working salvation throughout the earth, a work that begins with restoring the old creation and culminates in producing a new spiritual creation. Peter identifies this restoration as the subject of prophecy since the world began, and Christ's own reference to Elijah's work through John the Baptist illustrates that God provides interim restorations to sustain His purposes until the final, complete restoration at Christ's return. Central to this restoration is God's prophesied regathering and restoration of Israel. Regathering refers to God searching out Israel's scattered people among the nations and returning them to the Promised Land, while restoration involves both the single act of atonement, when God forgives Israel's sin in one day, and the longer process of elevating Israel's wealth and prestige. Crucially, restoration always follows full punishment for sin, as seen in the pattern of escalating discipline in Leviticus 26 and in Jeremiah's description of Jacob's trouble, where God explicitly ties the tribulation to Israel's accumulated iniquity before promising regathering and restoration. Deuteronomy 30 establishes the foundational prophecy of this process. Moses explains that after experiencing both blessings and curses, Israel will return to God, prompting Him to gather them, prosper them beyond their fathers, and circumcise their hearts. This heart circumcision, later called the New Covenant in Ezekiel 36 and 37, represents the true value God adds to restored Israel: the giving of His Spirit, ensuring perpetual faithfulness rather than the backsliding of ancient Israel. This spiritual transformation, not merely physical return, is the heart of restoration. Rebellion, however, will not be tolerated even in this future judgment; Ezekiel 20 shows that God will purge rebels from among regathered Israel before entry into the land, paralleling the wilderness generation's exclusion from Canaan. Restoration is not an end in itself but positions Israel for a greater purpose: carrying the gospel to the whole world. Drawing on the New Testament pattern of trained, sent-out preachers working in assigned territories, the shepherd imagery of John 10, and the symbolic "exits" of Ezekiel's gates, God's converted people will be led out from Jerusalem to preach the gospel of the Kingdom to Gentiles and to minister to Israelites dispersed across divinely apportioned territories. Just as Israel's restoration follows punishment, so her renewed faithfulness will fuel a global mission, fulfilling Abraham's promise that all nations be blessed. Isaiah 2:3 captures this dual movement, entering Zion to learn God's ways and going forth from Zion to teach them, culminating in Christ's promise that once this gospel is preached to all nations, the end will come.