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Understanding the Azazel Goat

Sermonette by David C. Grabbe

The goat for azazel (complete removal) bore the sins of the nation out of sight. Jesus Christ likewise had our iniquities laid on Him, and He bore them.

Who Fulfills the Azazel Goat—Satan or Christ? (Part Two)

'Ready Answer' by David C. Grabbe

The concept of being "cut off" centers on the Hebrew term used in Leviticus 16:22 to describe the "uninhabited land" (Strong's 1509) to which the live goat, or azazel, carried the sins of Israel. This word, used only in this passage, literally means a land cut off, deriving from a root (Strong's 1504) meaning to cut down or off, and by extension to destroy, divide, exclude, or decide. This same root appears elsewhere in Scripture to describe death and separation. Lamentations 3:54 uses it when the prophet, overwhelmed by waters, declares, "I am cut off," directly linking the term to the state of death. Isaiah 53:8, part of the great Messianic prophecy, employs the word in the same way, stating that the Messiah "was cut off from the land of the living" for the transgressions of His people. Psalm 88, likewise recognized as Messianic, reinforces this connection by describing the Messiah as "cut off" from God's hand and placed in "the land of forgetfulness," a poetic description of the grave, where there is no memory, thought, knowledge, or activity. This pattern demonstrates that Jesus Christ, not Satan, fulfills the role of the goat led to the land cut off. He was literally cut off from the land of the living through His death, bearing the sins of many into the grave. In this way, sin was not merely paid for through the shedding of blood but was carried away completely, forgotten in the fullest biblical sense. Hebrew usage of "forget" involves more than a mental act; it includes a willful, active disregard—God's choice to no longer let sin factor into how He deals with His people. When God states that He will "remember no more" the sins of His people under the New Covenant, this reflects the same principle: the sins have been borne away to a land cut off, out of view and out of consideration, just as Christ was cut off from the living for our transgressions. This directly connects to the broader argument that Satan cannot be the one symbolized by the goat that is "cut off," since Satan is never described in Scripture as being removed from view or forgotten. Instead, Isaiah 14:15-16 shows him cast into a pit where he is gazed upon and clearly seen, the opposite of being hidden away in forgetfulness. Furthermore, the goat is commanded to be released into this land cut off, while Satan's future includes being bound and eventually cast into the Lake of Fire—actions that involve confinement and destruction, not release. These fundamental differences show that the concept of being "cut off," as fulfilled in the death and burial of Jesus Christ, cannot correspond to Satan's fate. Rather, it testifies that Christ alone fulfills the complete work of atonement: paying the penalty for sin and carrying it completely out of sight, into the land cut off, so that it might never again be counted against those for whom He died.

Examples of Divine Justice

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

The concept of being "cut off" emerges directly from Numbers 15:30-31, where a critical distinction is drawn between sins committed unintentionally and sins committed presumptuously. Unintentional sin, described using Hebrew terms meaning to turn aside, wander, err, or miss the mark, includes acts done with some awareness but without deliberate rebellion, and such sin could be forgiven through the sacrifices outlined in Leviticus 4 and 5. Presumptuous sin, however, carries an entirely different weight. The Old Testament usage of "presumption" goes far beyond the English sense of merely assuming or acting without full consideration; it conveys arrogance, audacity, headstrong rebellion, and a deliberate overstepping of bounds by someone who is fully aware of both the act and its cost. For this category of sin, Numbers 15:30-31 states plainly that the person "shall be cut off from among his people," a phrase explained as meaning execution or being put to death. There is no offering, no sacrifice, and no forgiveness available for this transgression. The guilt remains upon the person entirely; he bears it "right to the grave." The verbs surrounding this judgment—despise, reproach, cut off—reveal the seriousness of the offense: presumptuous sin despises the word of the Lord and brings reproach upon Him, warranting complete removal without mercy. This principle of being cut off is not merely a legal technicality but is illustrated vividly through historical examples of divine justice. Nadab and Abihu, sons of Aaron, were instantly consumed by fire from the Lord for offering "strange fire"—incense with coals not taken from the divinely ignited altar—despite having received explicit instructions only eight days earlier. Their sin was not weakness or ignorance but willful deviation, an act of presumption that demanded to be regarded as holy be violated. Similarly, Uzza was struck dead for touching the Ark of the Covenant, an act of presumptuous arrogance in assuming his sinful hand was less defiling than the ground. These examples demonstrate that being "cut off" is the direct consequence of presumptuous sin, sins done with full knowledge, deliberate intent, and audacious disregard for God's explicit commands, sins for which no sacrifice or mercy applies. This teaching connects to the broader message concerning presumption and syncretism, using Christmas as an illustrative snare of vanity that leads to death for those who practice it as a way of life. It underscores that God's justice is inseparable from His righteousness; He never condemns the innocent nor clears the guilty, and He shows no partiality even toward those closest to Him, as seen in His treatment of Moses' own family. Ultimately, the severity of being "cut off" for presumptuous sin lays the necessary foundation for appreciating divine mercy, since only by recognizing what strict justice would rightly demand can one begin to grasp the depth of grace extended instead.

The Five Warnings of Hebrews

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Being "cut off" is introduced through the fourth warning of Hebrews, drawn from Numbers 15:27-30, where a distinction is made between sinning through ignorance, which can be atoned for, and sinning presumptuously, or "with a high hand," which cannot. Presumptuous sin reflects an attitudinal posture of arrogance, defiance, and rebellion against God. The soul who sins this way despises the word of the Lord and breaks His commandment deliberately, and for such a person there is no provision of forgiveness. To be "cut off" at its simplest means to be disqualified from receiving the blessings of the covenant, but in its fullest and most extreme sense it means to be put to death eternally. This concept is directly tied to Hebrews 10:26-29, which warns that if believers sin willfully after receiving the knowledge of the truth, no sacrifice for sins remains, only a fearful expectation of judgment. The Greek wording clarifies that this is not a single lapse but a continual, habitual pattern of sin—"if we go on sinning willfully"—the same kind of sin John identifies as a sin unto death and that Jesus calls blasphemy against the Holy Spirit. Such deliberate, ongoing sin, committed after one's sins have already been forgiven through Christ's blood, amounts to treading the Son of God underfoot and counting the blood of the covenant an unholy thing. It reveals that the person does not genuinely value or believe in the reality of God's forgiveness, effectively rejecting the sinless life and sacrifice of Christ as worthless. This warning connects to a larger progression traced through the earlier warnings in Hebrews: neglect of the gospel message, failure to properly hear and understand God's voice, and a lazy, undisciplined spiritual immaturity that causes believers to regress rather than grow. This downward pattern, if left unchecked, naturally leads to deliberate, willful sin—the presumptuous sin that results in being cut off. One outward evidence of this drift, highlighted in Hebrews 10:25, was sporadic attendance at Sabbath assembly and unwillingness to fellowship with fellow believers, which is described as a despising of Christ who lives in others. The word "counted" in verse 29 indicates a conscious, deliberate judgment—treating what was received from Christ as common rather than holy—which transforms ordinary sin into contemptuous, presumptuous sin. This makes the matter serious because God's justice cannot extend mercy where attitude and conduct show deliberate rejection of His grace. The overarching point is that this is a matter of eternal consequence: falling into the hands of the living God in judgment is inescapable for those who persist in this direction. The connection to being "cut off" underscores the seriousness of neglecting the gospel, allowing faith to wane, and drifting into spiritual carelessness, since such a trajectory, if not reversed, culminates in the ultimate and irreversible separation from God's covenant blessings and from eternal life itself.

The Doctrine of Israel (Part Fourteen): Israel Redeemed

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Being "cut off" appears as a specific covenantal penalty within the Day of Atonement instructions given in Leviticus 23:26-29. The command states that any person who does not afflict his soul on that day shall be cut off from his people, with verse 30 adding that anyone who performs work on that day will likewise be destroyed from among his people. This penalty is directly tied to the larger pattern of winnowing and refinement that runs throughout the message: just as athletes are whittled down through levels of competition and grain is milled down to fine flour, so Israel as a whole is being sifted so that only a humbled remnant survives. Those who refuse to humble themselves—who will not fast, mourn, or submit—are excluded from the covenant community; being "cut off" represents the fate of the unrepentant, those who fail to meet the standard God requires on this sacred day. This threat of being cut off stands in deliberate contrast to what happens to the humble remnant, who instead receive atonement rather than exclusion. The instructions in Leviticus 23 outline three symbolic acts for the day: afflicting the soul through fasting, gathering for a holy convocation to hear God's instruction, and refraining from all work. Each of these mirrors the end-time experience of the surviving remnant of Israel—coming out of the great tribulation famished, mourning, finally willing to listen to God, and utterly unable to contribute anything toward their own salvation. The refusal to afflict one's soul, by contrast, signifies a hardened, unrepentant heart like that displayed by national Israel throughout its history, and it results in being severed from the covenant people rather than being carried through into restoration. The broader message connects this penalty to the sacrificial pattern of Leviticus 16, where Isaiah 53:8 states that the Messiah "was cut off from the land of the living" for the transgressions of God's people. Here the phrase takes on a different but related meaning: Christ Himself was cut off—killed—as the very sacrifice that prevents the humbled remnant from being cut off in judgment. His shed blood and His bearing away of iniquity, pictured in the two goats of the Day of Atonement ritual, provide the means by which the humble are spared the covenantal penalty of exclusion. Thus being cut off represents the fate reserved for the unrepentant multitude, while the sacrificial cutting off of the Messiah becomes the very provision that redeems the humbled few, uniting the themes of judgment, humility, and grace that shape the entire restoration of Israel.

Forms vs. Spirituality (Part 2)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Being "cut off" appears as the specific penalty God prescribed for presumptuous sin—sin committed deliberately, with a defiant, high-handed attitude toward His commandments. This penalty is drawn from Numbers 15, where a clear distinction is made between sin committed through ignorance, for which a burnt offering could atone, and sin committed presumptuously, "with a high hand," for which the soul was to be utterly cut off, meaning put to death. The presumptuous sinner is pictured as one who shakes a clenched fist at God, declaring defiantly that he knows exactly what he is doing and intends to do it anyway, regardless of consequences. This attitude of ostentatious bravado despises the word of the Lord and breaks His commandment outright, making the sin far more serious than one committed through error or lack of knowledge. The illustration immediately following in Numbers 15 makes this principle concrete: a man was found gathering sticks on the Sabbath, a direct violation of what God had specifically commanded in the context of building the tabernacle. Because this act was done knowingly and deliberately, the man was stoned to death outside the camp by the whole congregation, exactly as the Lord commanded. This case demonstrates that presumptuous sin, done with full knowledge, receives the full penalty of being cut off, in contrast to sins of ignorance or weakness, which God treats with greater leniency. This principle connects directly to a warning found in Hebrews 10, where sinning willfully after receiving the knowledge of the truth—particularly in the context of forsaking commanded assemblies like Sabbath and Holy Day observance—places a person in the same category as the man who gathered sticks. Such willful sin after knowing the truth leaves no more sacrifice for sins, but only a fearful expectation of judgment and fiery indignation. The comparison is drawn that if one who despised the law of Moses died without mercy under two or three witnesses, then a far worse punishment awaits the one who tramples underfoot the Son of God, treats the blood of the covenant as an unholy thing, and insults the Spirit of grace. The broader point being developed is that God does not judge all sin equally; He weighs attitude, intent, and circumstance. Being cut off represents the severe end of this spectrum, reserved specifically for defiant, knowing rebellion against God's revealed will, standing in sharp contrast to the mercy extended toward those who sin through ignorance, weakness, or error, such as Abimelech or Balaam, whose unintentional transgressions were quickly forgiven rather than punished with death.

The Covenants, Grace, and Law (Part Sixteen)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

The concept of being "cut off" emerges directly from the discussion of how Scripture categorizes sin, and it serves as a crucial illustration in establishing that not all transgressions of God's law carry the same weight or consequence. This principle is drawn from a comparison between Leviticus 4 and Numbers 15:27-31. Leviticus 4 outlines sin offerings for various groups—priests, the whole congregation, rulers, and common people—who sin through ignorance, meaning without full knowledge or premeditation. For such sins, a sacrifice could be brought, and atonement was made so that the person would be forgiven. Numbers 15 then draws a sharp contrast: the soul who sins through ignorance receives forgiveness through sacrifice, but "the soul that does aught presumptuously"—whether native-born or a stranger—"reproaches the LORD," and "that soul shall be cut off from among his people... because he has despised the word of the LORD, and has broken His commandments." For this presumptuous, willful sin, committed with full knowledge and premeditation, there was no sacrifice provided; the penalty was to be utterly cut off. This distinction demonstrates that attitude and knowledge—not merely the outward act—determine the severity of a given failure. The same sin, whether adultery, murder, or lying, could be treated differently depending on whether it was committed in ignorance or presumptuously and deliberately. Being cut off, therefore, represents the ultimate consequence reserved specifically for willful, knowing rebellion against God's revealed word, in contrast to sins committed without full understanding, which could be atoned for. This principle directly supports the broader argument that all sin is not equal, countered against the common tendency to treat every transgression of the law as identical. It reinforces the earlier point from I John 5:16-17, which distinguishes between "a sin not unto death" and, by implication, sin that does lead to death, providing scriptural grounding for the idea that some failures carry the death penalty while others do not. The teaching on being cut off also ties into the larger discussion of grace and salvation. While salvation is by grace through faith and not by perfect law-keeping, the possibility of being cut off illustrates that one can indeed fall short of grace through persistent, presumptuous, willful transgression—echoing the warning in Hebrews 12 about falling short of the grace of God. It underscores that God's grace does not eliminate accountability to His law; rather, those who know the law and yet deliberately, repeatedly defy it despise the word of the Lord in a way that ignorant transgressors do not. This connects to the identification of blasphemy against the Holy Spirit as the most serious sin—the willful, informed rejection of Christ's sacrifice after having accepted it by faith—since being cut off represents the fate of one who knowingly tramples upon what has been revealed rather than failing through ignorance.

The Doctrine of Israel (Part Nine): Romans 11

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Paul poses two questions in Romans 11: Has God discarded Israel for all time? Will God graft physical Israel into the Covenant people of Abraham?

Zephaniah (Part One): The Day of the Lord Is Near!

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Zephaniah's prophecy is sharply focused on Judah and Jerusalem because they should have known better. They are ordered to keep silent and consider their sins.

Free Will or God's Sovereignty?

Sermon by David C. Grabbe

If God is sovereign and promises salvation to believers, why does it matter how believers live? How significant are our choices in the grand scheme of life?

The Wilderness Trek and Judgment Begins

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

God's people must learn to trust Him for their survival, remembering that the eating of Unleavened Bread is a reminder that only God has the power to rescue.

Sovereignty and Submission

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Being reared in a democratic nation sometimes complicates our relationship with God; God's government is actually a sovereign, benevolent dictatorship.

The Doctrine of Israel (Part Two): The Old Covenant

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

God made the New Covenant because Jacob's offspring did not have what it took to fulfill the terms of the Old Covenant. The carnal mind is hostile to God's law.

Maintaining Good Health (Part 7)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Jeremiah compares studying and meditating upon God's Word to physical eating, enabling a person to receive spiritual energy, vitality, and health.

Halloween

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

True Christians do not celebrate Halloween. It is pagan in origin and practice and will destroy one's relationship with God. Light and darkness cannot mix.