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Was Lilith Adam's First Wife?
Bible Questions & AnswersLilith is not mentioned anywhere in the Bible. According to Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Tenth Edition, Lilith is described as a female figure in rabbinic legend who is considered Adam's first wife, is replaced by Eve, and becomes an evil spirit. Additionally, Lilith is identified as a famous witch in medieval demonology. However, there is no validity or authority to these legends or aspects of medieval demonology. The Bible clearly states that Adam's first and only wife was Eve, not a legendary female demon named Lilith.
Inventing Goddesses and Demons (Part One)
CGG Weekly by David C. GrabbeLilith, according to Jewish folklore, was Adam's first wife, created from the dust of the ground like Adam. She refused to submit to Adam, asserting her equality. Over time, Lilith's legend evolved from Babylonian demonology, where she was known as a night monster and seductress, blamed for miscarriages and infant mortality. Her myth spread to other cultures, always representing chaos and ungodliness. Among the Jews, Lilith appears in the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Babylonian Talmud, where she is depicted as a dangerous demon who might slay people sleeping alone at night. During the Middle Ages, Lilith was reconceived as the original woman, providing an explanation for the differences between the Genesis 1 and Genesis 2 creation stories. Scholars suggested that Lilith, feeling treated as inferior despite being made from the same dust as Adam, claimed her independence by leaving for the wilderness. The Zohar, a thirteenth-century Kabbalistic text, further developed Lilith's myth, portraying her as the first woman, an abuser of men, and a breeder of evil spirits. In the Zohar, Lilith is paired with Samael, the male personification of evil, and after cohabiting with him, she is turned into a demon goddess. Together, they embody the dark realm and are central figures in Jewish mythology.
Inventing Goddesses and Demons
Sermonette by David C. GrabbeThe Jews turned a Babylonian myth of Lilith into a fabrication about a woman before Eve. Some translations suggest Israel sacrificed to a demon named Azazel.
Inventing Goddesses and Demons (Part Two)
CGG Weekly by David C. GrabbeLilith, a demon goddess of the night and the reputed first wife of Adam, originates from Jewish folklore influenced by ancient Babylonian myths. She and Samael, a Satan figure, are significant in Jewish mythology but not mentioned in the Bible. Some scholars argue that Isaiah 34:14 refers to Lilith, as the Hebrew word used is lilith, meaning night. However, this word appears only once in Scripture, making its meaning unclear beyond its association with nocturnality. Strong's Concordance suggests it means screech owl, fitting the context of wild animals in desolate places. The Bible uses lilith as a common word without any connection to the Babylonian myth or indicating it as a personal name. Despite this, the New Revised Standard Version capitalizes Lilith, influenced by Jewish legends, implying Isaiah's inclusion of a demon goddess in his prophecy about Edom's desolation. This interpretation is weak, relying on the assumption that a similarly named character in folklore must be referenced in the prophecy. The chapter prophesies God's judgment on Edom, predicting its future desolation around Christ's return, when all demons, including any named Lilith, will be restrained. Isaiah 34:14 likely refers to a nocturnal animal, not a night monster. Allowing myths like Lilith to influence biblical interpretation can distort God's Word, leading to false doctrines and fables, as warned against in I Timothy 1:3-4, 4:1, 7, 13, 16, II Timothy 4:4, and Titus 1:14. Such myths, including Lilith, are considered Jewish fables, profane and idle babblings, and contradictions that should be avoided.
Inventing Goddesses and Demons (Part Three)
CGG Weekly by David C. GrabbeSome modern translations of Leviticus 16 assert that the live goat (scapegoat) was a sacrifice that God commanded Israel to send to a demon named Azazel!