Jesus Christ is the object of the offerings. He fulfills the roles of offeror, offering, and priest. As the burnt offering, He gives Himself in complete devotion to God. As the meal offering, He demonstrates devotion to God on behalf of man. As the sin offering, He takes upon Himself the sins of mankind and pays the penalty. He also fulfills both goats in the Day of Atonement ritual, providing covering and bearing sins away. The sacrifices reveal His character, mind, and attitudes, showing complete surrender in every aspect of life. His perfect life qualifies Him for these sacrifices.

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Was Jesus Christ's Body Broken? (Part Three)

CGG Weekly by David C. Grabbe

Jesus Christ's death was a supreme victory, not a defeat. He held His head up until He gave up His spirit, having finished perfectly what the Father gave Him to do. In Himself He fulfilled the whole system of offerings. He lived a completely sinless life, fulfilling the sin offering. He gave Himself in complete devotion to the Father up to death, fulfilling the burnt offering. He served humanity to the utmost, satisfying the grain offering. He poured Himself out as a drink offering. His death reconciles God and men and makes harmony and fellowship possible, as the peace offering pictures. Though He was marred beyond recognition and His bones could be counted, He was unbroken. A sacrificial meal joins the participant in fellowship with the object of the sacrifice, so the Passover unites believers with Christ. The bread symbolizes His living, sinless flesh, the life He gave through sinless, devoted service, and the wine pictures His shed blood. Only a body undefiled by sin has blood that can pay the death penalty, so His flawless life made the sacrifice effective.

Is the Passover Just a Sin Offering? (Part One)

Article by David C. Grabbe

Jesus Christ is the object of the whole sacrificial system, and every detail of the Mosaic offerings, including each animal's species, age, and gender, testifies to Him in some facet. Christ taught this when He expounded to the Emmaus disciples the things concerning Himself beginning at Moses and all the Prophets (Luke 24:27). Because His death has many facets, it must not be limited to the sin offering. Though He fulfilled that offering, the other offerings do not picture sin or its payment, and in them a life is given for a different purpose. Scripture sometimes describes His sacrifice as payment for sin, but at other times it must be read through the lens of another offering. The lamb, His most frequent symbol, fills many distinct roles: Passover, firstborn redemption, daily sacrifices, peace offering, sin offering, cleansing of lepers, and more. Context therefore determines what a lamb signifies, and connecting the pieces haphazardly blurs the picture. On the Day of Atonement both goats form one sin offering, and Christ fulfills both. He cleanses the sanctuary as the slain goat, and He bears and removes our sins as the azazel goat; Satan has no part. The Passover instead pictures fellowship and peaceful abundance under God's covenant. Christ's death, late on the fourteenth of Abib, sealed that covenant as its victim, distinct from His role as sin offering, so His death served multiple purposes at once.

Who Fulfills the Azazel Goat— Satan or Christ? (Part Five)

'Ready Answer' by David C. Grabbe

Jesus Christ stands as the true fulfillment of the sacrificial offerings described in Leviticus 16, embodying the roles of both goats in the Atonement ritual. Scripture provides multiple witnesses that He bears mankind's sins, as seen in Isaiah 53:11-12, I Peter 2:24, and Hebrews 9:28, where God lays the iniquity of us all on the Messiah. Through His death, resurrection, and ascension, His blood opens access to the Holiest of All and makes Him the Mediator of a New Covenant, as noted in Hebrews 9:8 and 9:15. The first goat in the ritual cleansed the holy place, while the second goat, the azazel, bore the iniquities away to an uninhabited land, completely removing them from view. This act is fulfilled in Christ, for our iniquity was laid on Him, He bore our sins, and He took them away, as affirmed in Isaiah 53:6, Colossians 2:14, and Hebrews 10:4. His singular sacrifice fulfills all the cleansing sacrifices, purifying the points of contact between the holy God and defiled man. The New Covenant, through His work, provides both access to God and forgiveness of sins, ensuring atonement as we grow in the image of God, as described in Hebrews 8:10-12 and 13:10. During His final Passover, He speaks confidently of the close personal relationship with God made possible by His sacrifice, promising to love and manifest Himself to those who keep His commandments, declaring that both He and the Father will make Their home with them, as recorded in John 14:21 and 14:23. He assures oneness through the Father's keeping, not dependent on external conditions, extending this promise to all who believe in Him, as seen in John 17:11 and 17:20-23.

Offerings (Part Six)

Sermon/Bible Study by John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ stands as the central figure in the metaphor of the offerings, embodying the roles of offeror, offering, and priest. He is the object of these sacrifices, satisfying God through His perfect devotion. In the burnt offering, He exemplifies complete and total dedication to God by keeping the first four commandments flawlessly. In the meal offering, He demonstrates His devotion to God on behalf of man, perfectly adhering to the last six commandments. This perfect life of 33½ years, without a single moral or spiritual imperfection, qualified Him to become the sin offering. His sinless existence ensured that no internal desecration or carnality disqualified Him from being a fitting sacrifice to pay the penalty for humanity's sins. As the sin offering, Jesus Christ took upon Himself the sins of mankind, becoming sin personified. In this act, He was cast out of God's presence, burned outside the camp, reflecting the judgment and rejection of sin. Through this sacrifice, He paid the legal obligation required by God's law, a payment made in blood to meet the wages of sin, which is death. His sacrifice, of far greater value than any animal offering, was sufficient to cover all sins of mankind for all time, requiring only one payment. This act established communion with God, allowing access into His presence through the rending of the veil by His sacrifice. The perfection of His life as a burnt offering and meal offering, spanning 33½ years, was the greater sacrifice that enabled Him to be the sin offering, which took only a few hours. His fear of losing fellowship with God, evident in His cry of forsakenness, underscores the gravity of being cut off from divine communion during this act. Through His judgment, justice was satisfied, and humanity was judged in Him, granting forgiveness and freedom from sin. His continuous application of the sin offering ensures that as sins occur in the Christian life, they are covered, maintaining access to God's throne room through His blood.

Offerings (Part Two)

Sermon/Bible Study by John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ is the object of the law. He is the object in one sense of the entire Bible. Object in this sense means one who is the center or focus of thought. He is the center or focus of thought in the law. All that law that appears back in the Old Testament means that He is the end. He is the end result. He is the goal. He is the aim. He is the purpose. Christ is the personification of everything that is right and good. He is the personification of perfect love. He is the personification of government. He is the standard toward which men are to strive. The goal of the law is to achieve Christ-like character. The law is a shadow. It is not the image. It is not the reality. Christ is the reality. What He was in His character, in His mind, in His attitudes, and the way that He conducted His life is the reality. The sacrifices of Leviticus are a means to an end. They are the means through which details of the character of Jesus Christ are learned. The sacrifices show the details of the mind of Christ. They show the character of Christ in an animal, a typical form. Things have been made for Him. He is the heir. He is the one who has come and confirmed the promises. He was the promised Seed. That word author means a pioneer as well as being an author. It means a scout. Its general meaning is that of someone who does something with the intent that others will follow. He is a pathfinder. He is the founder of something like a person who founds a city or who founds an institution such as a school or a church, but He does it with the intention that others may enter into the very thing that He has founded. There is very good scriptural evidence that He did what He did for the purpose that others should follow in His steps. He became the example. As the sacrifices of Leviticus describe the character of Jesus Christ, as He is the object of them, they cannot be separated from that intent that others should try to follow after what He did, follow in the same path, in the same footsteps. The burnt offering shows a man giving to God what truly satisfies God. It shows a man giving to God what is due to God. It shows a man giving to God what God's portion of that man's life is. It has to do with devotion. It has to do with complete and total devotion, with nothing left out of response to God. It was a sweet savor offering. It was offered for acceptance, that is, in the behalf of, in the place of, in the instead of, the offeror, the one who was making the offer. A life was offered and that life was the life of an animal. It was wholly burnt up. The burnt offering was wholly burnt up. It shows very clearly there that the animal was killed, the animal was cut up into its various parts, its head, its legs, its entrails, and the fat, and that they were all washed with water and they were put on the altar. The head represents the thinking portion of a person's mind. The legs indicate the way the person conducted his life, that is, the walk. The entrails, the inwards, the feelings, the emotions, also devoted to God as well. The fat indicates general health and vigor. The whole life was totally surrendered to God. Nothing was reserved for the self. Nothing was given to the offeror. Nothing was given to the priest. Everything went to God. What the burnt offering symbolizes is a person completely, totally devoted to God in every aspect of life. What is being described here is the mind, the heart, the character, the attitudes of Jesus Christ. He is the standard. He is the object of the law. He is the Archegos. He is the one who goes before. He is the pioneer. He is the author. He is the one that is to be followed. His devotion to God was complete and total in every area, every aspect of life. His sacrifice began when He gave up being God. That sacrifice of His life, that is, the way He lived His life, is what is concerned here with the burnt offering. He was the example. There are three general varieties within those animals being offered: the herd, the

Offerings (Part One)

Sermon/Bible Study by John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ is the object of the offerings. The offerings describe Him in His person, character, and office. In all of the offerings Christ is the offerer. In all of the offerings Christ is the offering. In all of the offerings Christ is the priest. As the offerer Christ appears as God who became man. As the offering Christ appears in His character. As the priest Christ appears in His official function mediating and interceding for the redeemed before God. The burnt offering shows Christ giving Himself to God as God's portion. The burnt offering shows a life completely devoted to God. The burnt offering shows Christ living His life in love as a sweet aroma to God. The burnt offering shows Christ going to His death in complete devotion without holding any part of His life back. The burnt offering shows Christ offering His thoughts, conduct, emotions, and vigor to God. The burnt offering shows Christ loving God with all of His heart, all of His soul, and all of His mind. The law prefigured Christ as its object. The typical things in the Old Testament have Christ as their object. The book of Leviticus concerns the work of Christ for those already redeemed. The book of Leviticus shows the character, mind, and attitude of Jesus Christ.

Who Fulfills the Azazel Goat— Satan or Christ? (Part Three)

'Ready Answer' by David C. Grabbe

Jesus Christ fulfilled the roles of both sacrificial animals on the Day of Atonement. He died to provide a covering of blood and open the way to the Father, and He also bore the sins of many, taking them to the land of forgetfulness. The expiation of mankind's sins, the atoning, cleansing, disannulling, purging, and putting away of sins, is what the Savior does. In Colossians, Christ is declared to have lifted up, taken away, and expiated the record that was against us, an exact match to what is said about the goat of departure. Hebrews gives the most complete explanation of the sacrificial law, and chapters 9 and 10 specifically cover the Day of Atonement. The only mention of Satan appears in Hebrews 2:14, where it simply says that the devil has the power of death. Conversely, chapters 9 and 10 resound with the work of Jesus Christ, and it is there that further evidence of His fulfillment of the azazel appears. The author points out Christ's finished work regarding sins: who being the brightness of His glory and the express image of His person, and upholding all things by the word of His power, when He had by Himself purged our sins, sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high. Even as Jesus Himself bore our sins in His own body on the tree and He Himself is the propitiation for our sins, so He also purged our sins by Himself. This threefold witness shatters the possibility that any other being is involved in the resolution of human sin. That He sat down also shows His work of purging sins is complete. It does not depend on a future act involving Satan. Hebrews 9 opens with a description of the earthly sanctuary and its contents. Verses 11-15 show Christ's fulfillment of the cleansing ritual and how He entered the Most Holy Place in heaven with His own blood. Verse 15 points out that the promise of eternal inheritance is based on His mediation. Verses 22-25 also explain Christ's cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary with His own blood, once for all, in contrast to the yearly purification of the physical sanctuary. After the purification of the sanctuary, the very next theme is that Christ put away sin. His sacrifice alone is sufficient for this. The Greek word translated put away, athetesis, means to cancel, and it can also be translated as disannul. Thus, in addition to cleansing the sanctuary, Christ's sacrifice put away sin. Verse 28 says that Christ's sacrifice was for the sake of bearing the sins of many, precisely what the azazel did in type. In addition, He will appear a second time, apart from sin. Hebrews 10 continues explaining the completeness of Christ's sacrifice. Part of the problem with animal sacrifices is that a consciousness of sins remains. Christ's sacrifice, though, includes the removal of sins from consciousness, which is implied in the role of the azazel but not actually accomplished. Hebrews 10:4 uses significant wording when speaking of taking away sins. The Greek word, aphaireo, has familiar meanings and implications. Its basic meaning is to remove, while it can also be translated as cut off. The author uses terminology that exactly describes the azazel, the goat of complete removal that bears the sins to a land that is cut off. Christ's sacrifice was both necessary and entirely sufficient to deal with sin. He became sin for us and was cut off. He paid the death penalty, giving access to the Father, as well as bearing the sin into forgetfulness and cleansing the consciences of those who accept Him. Hebrews 10:10 reads, By that will we have been sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. The sanctification to which this refers has already been performed by Christ. Hebrews 10:12-14 declares that Christ, after He had offered one sacrifice for sins forever, sat down at the right hand of God, from that time waiting till His enemies are made His footstool. For by one offering He has perfected forever those who are bein

Offerings (Part Seven)

Sermon/Bible Study by John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ is the object of the offerings. They set Him forth and show the way that He lived His life. They also show not only what He did but also their impact and the consequences of what He did. The burnt offering shows Christ keeping the first four commandments toward God and loving God with all His heart, with all His mind, with all His soul, and with all His being. The meal offering shows Christ living His life to God for the benefit of men and meeting the requirements of the last six commandments. The peace offering shows God, man, and the priest satisfied in the sacrifice of Jesus Christ, all in fellowship. The sin and trespass offerings show Christ slain, outside the camp, laid, and burned so that God's claim is satisfied. The consequence is that man sinning and imperfect becomes at-one with God through Christ. Because of the sacrifices, those who believe are accepted in the Beloved as Christ would be accepted.

Jesus in the Feasts (Part Four): Atonement

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ serves as the sole sufficient object of the sin offerings required for human atonement. Because all humanity lies under sin and cannot provide an unblemished substitute, the Word voluntarily divested Himself of glory, became flesh, lived without sin, and offered His own life as the payment. In the Day of Atonement ritual two goats together constituted one sin offering: the first was slain so that its blood could be carried into the Most Holy Place, symbolizing the shedding of innocent blood to redeem transgressions; the second received the confessed sins of the people upon its head and bore them away into the wilderness, symbolizing complete removal. Christ fulfilled both aspects. He shed His blood to satisfy the penalty and, bearing every iniquity laid upon Him, carried those sins to the grave. Isaiah 53 portrays the same two-part work, depicting the Servant wounded for transgressions, bruised for iniquities, and yet also bearing the iniquities of many so that they are taken away. The Gospels record His own testimony that He came to save His people from their sins, to lay down His life for the sheep, and to be the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world. As the true High Priest He performed every act of atonement Himself, entering heaven with His own blood once for all, obtaining eternal redemption, and opening the way into the presence of God. This single, perfect offering cleanses the conscience, reconciles enemies to the Father, and removes the barrier of sin so that justified believers may approach God.

The Offerings of Leviticus (Part Nine): Conclusion (Part Two)

'Personal' from John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ personified the intent of the Levitical sacrifices by living each day as a living sacrifice and conforming Himself perfectly to their spiritual purpose. His life exemplified a perfect burnt offering through total devotion, a meal offering through complete giving of Himself without reservation, and a peace offering through the fellowship He established between man and God. Because He loved God with all His heart, soul, and mind and His neighbor as Himself, He qualified to become the sin offering and trespass offering. God accepted and implemented His offering for man's sins, thereby providing union, identification, commonality, and standing before Him. With Christ before God as High Priest, those in Him share the same access and acceptance, as though they stand there themselves. His single sacrifice perfected forever those being sanctified, meeting all of God's holy requirements so that believers might be quickened by the Holy Spirit, remain in continual fellowship, and grow toward full oneness with the Father and the Son. Christ's life therefore demonstrates that the essence of love is sacrifice, and His example sets the standard for the conduct required of those granted standing through Him.

Who Fulfills the Azazel Goat—Satan or Christ? (Part Two)

'Ready Answer' by David C. Grabbe

Jesus Christ stands as the ultimate object of the entire sacrificial system, fulfilling in His life and death what every unblemished, substitutionary animal offering foreshadowed (Romans 10:4). This truth is anchored in the Day of Atonement ritual of Leviticus 16, where two goats formed a single sin offering, each fulfilling a distinct role determined by God through the casting of lots. The first goat satisfied God's justice as payment for sin, its blood purifying the Holy Place, the Tabernacle, and the altar—objects defiled simply through their presence within a sinful nation. The second goat, the goat of departure, visibly carried the confessed sins of Israel into the wilderness, a role unambiguously fulfilled by Christ as prophesied in Isaiah 53: He bore griefs, carried sorrows, and bore the sin of many. Scripture consistently links this bearing of sin with intercession, forgiveness, and complete removal, as echoed in Psalm 103:12 and fulfilled in the New Testament, where Peter declares that Jesus Himself bore our sins in His own body, alone, just as the azazel bore Israel's sins alone. Hebrews 9:28 affirms that Christ's single sacrifice both cleansed the sanctuary and bore the sins of many, uniting the work of both goats in His one atoning act. This fulfillment stands in stark contrast to the common but unscriptural notion that the azazel represents Satan bearing humanity's sins—an idea traced not to Scripture but to the Book of Enoch. Satan is never associated with sacrifice, bears no substitutionary role, and cannot be a stand-in for others since he carries his own guilt for deception. The Bible consistently places responsibility for sin on the individual: the soul who sins shall die (Ezekiel 18:4, 20), and sin entered the world through Adam, not Satan (Romans 5:12), even though Satan lied to Eve. Satan influences and deceives, but the spirit in man preserves human free moral agency, making people without excuse (Romans 1:20). Paul's anguish in Romans 7 leads him to indwelling sin, not the devil, as the source of his struggle, and Christ alone provides deliverance. The land to which the azazel was sent—literally "a land cut off"—typifies the grave, where Christ was cut off from the land of the living (Isaiah 53:8) and became, in type, adrift among the dead, forgotten (Psalm 88). Christ's bearing of sin therefore culminates not merely in payment but in forgetfulness—God's active choice to disregard sin entirely, fulfilling promises that iniquity would be remembered no more (Jeremiah 31:34). This is already accomplished, unlike Satan's future binding and casting into the Lake of Fire, which bear no resemblance to the goat's release. Ultimately, rightly understanding the two goats removes Satan from the picture of atonement altogether, centering all glory and responsibility for reconciling humanity to God on Jesus Christ alone—the sole object and fulfillment of the sacrificial system.

The Offerings of Leviticus (Part Two): The Burnt Offering

'Personal' from John W. Ritenbaugh

The burnt offering of Leviticus 1 presents Jesus Christ as the reality behind a sacrificial shadow, prophesied in Psalm 40:6-8 and fulfilled in His own testimony in John 8:29 that He always did what pleased the Father. This offering does not deal with sin but with complete, wholehearted devotion to God, making it a sweet savor—something God enjoys because it flows from loving-kindness and obedience rather than guilt. Ephesians 5:1-2 confirms that Christ gave Himself as an offering and sacrifice for a sweet-smelling aroma, showing that He was a living sacrifice long before He became the sacrifice for sin through crucifixion. Malachi 1:7, 12 illustrates that the altar represents God's table, and whatever is offered upon it is symbolically His food; Christ's life, offered without blemish, was pleasing and satisfying to God, unlike defiled offerings that show contempt for Him. In the burnt offering, the animal is accepted in the offerer's stead, and Christ fulfills this typology perfectly since He alone lived a sinless life, being born of a woman yet remaining without blemish (Galatians 4:4; I Peter 2:22). Because of this, atonement in this context means satisfaction rather than covering for sin—God is satisfied because Christ met the requirement of righteous living. The term corban, used by Jesus in Mark 7:11, reveals that the slain animal represents the offerer bringing himself near to God as a gift, holding nothing back. Philippians 2:5-8 shows the extent of Christ's self-emptying devotion, humbling Himself even to death on the cross, and Leviticus 1:6-9 further symbolizes this total surrender through the parts of the animal—head, fat, entrails, and legs—representing thoughts, strength, emotions, and conduct, all wholly given to God. Christ's own words, from "I must be about My Father's business" (Luke 2:49) to "It is finished" (John 19:30), testify to this complete devotion fulfilled throughout His life. The varieties of acceptable offerings—bullock, lamb, turtledove, and goat—further depict aspects of Christ's character: the bullock's tireless labor, the lamb's silent submission (Isaiah 53:7), and the turtledove's humility and sorrow over sin, though the goat's leadership qualities are shown in both positive and negative lights, the latter reflecting those Christ rejects (Matthew 25:33, 41). The priest's role in preparing each offering, especially the turtledove, points to Christ's intercessory work as High Priest, voluntarily laying down His life for the weak (John 10:11-18) and being made like His brethren so that He could sympathize with human weakness (Hebrews 2:16-18). Ultimately, the burnt offering reveals Christ as both representative and example: representative in that His sinless, devoted life secures our acceptance before God as though we had lived it ourselves, and example in that He calls us to walk as He walked (I John 2:4-6), offering our own lives as living sacrifices of devotion, holiness, and service to God.

Offerings (Part Four)

Sermon/Bible Study by John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ is the object of the law (Romans 10:4), the end in the sense of the goal to which it points, and the Levitical offerings describe His character and life. The burnt offering shows His complete devotion to God, expressed in keeping the first four commandments. The meal offering shows His equal devotion to God in serving man, expressed in keeping the last six. The two were offered together, one on top of the other, because love of God cannot be separated from love of neighbor. The peace offering, placed on top of them, shows the result of such devotion: peace, abundance, and fellowship, with God, the priest, and the offeror all sharing in a meal. Christ is also the sin offering, the trespass offering, and the peace offering. His lifetime of sinless devotion, and His bearing of sin for us, surrounds and makes acceptable the offerings of a church that is still leavened with sin. He is the Archegos, the pathfinder, so believers are to follow His steps and make their own lives a burnt offering and a meal offering as a holy priesthood offering spiritual sacrifices through Him. He is also the door through which God's blessings come out and thanksgiving goes back, and the peace He gives (John 14:27) can only be given because He first lived the offerings perfectly. Believers are accepted in the Beloved because of what He did before them.

Offerings (Part Three)

Sermon/Bible Study by John W. Ritenbaugh

Christ is the end of the law, meaning its object, point, and purpose, so the ceremonial offerings reveal His character, mind, and offices. He fills three positions: the offeror who brings the offering, the offering itself, and the priest who receives it on God's behalf. The burnt offering shows Christ wholly devoted to God, every part consumed on the altar as a sweet savor. The bullock pictures untiring labor, the sheep uncomplaining submission, and the goat restrained leadership. The turtledove, with the priest doing the work, shows His intercessory work for the weak. The grain offering shows His perfect fulfillment of duty to man. Its fine flour reflects the evenness of His unchanging character, unlike the inconsistencies of John, Peter, and Paul. Being ground and bruised pictures how He was wounded by the very people He served, as the Psalms describe, yet never gave up. Oil shows the Holy Spirit's power, anointing Him to do good. Frankincense, which grows more fragrant under fire, contrasts with honey and shows His attitude under trial. Salt and the absence of leaven show His preserving, uncorrupted character. The two wave loaves of Pentecost, baked with leaven, represent the church with sin still in it. They are acceptable only because they are surrounded by the offerings of Christ that preceded them. God looks on believers as He looks on Christ in His perfection, as I John 4:17 says: "as He is, so are we in this world." This is grace, and it makes communion with God and salvation possible.

The Offerings of Leviticus (Part Five): The Peace Offering, Sacrifice, and Love

'Personal' from John W. Ritenbaugh

The peace offering teaches many things, but one of its main symbols is fellowship. Our communion with the Father and the Son obligates us to pursue peace.

Offerings (Part Five)

Sermon/Bible Study by John W. Ritenbaugh

We give peace offerings today through living sacrifice, keeping God's law out of love and to glorify Him rather than just to perform duty.

Jesus in the Feasts (Part One): The Bread of Life

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Even though the prophetic significance of the Holy Days outlines the the plan of God, the work of Jesus Christ in each event is even more significant.

The Offering of the Wise Men

Sermonette by John O. Reid

In our offering, we need to imitate the wise men, who knew they had been blessed by being some of the first people who had the opportunity to see Christ.

The Two Goats of Leviticus 16

Sermonette by David C. Grabbe

The first goat is a blood sacrifice to cleanse the altar. The second goat—the 'azazel' or 'complete removal'—is led away and freed (not bound by a chain).

Why Is Atonement a Fall Festival?

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Though Passover and Atonement both deal with Christ's sacrifice, several reasons emerge to make Atonement a better fit for the fall holy days.

Sugar Cookie

Sermonette by Bill Onisick

Navy Seal training has a humbling 'sugar cookie' exercise in which trainees are arbitrarily forced to endure excruciating discomfort and humiliation.

The Sacrifices of Leviticus (Part 2)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

The sacrifices were neither insignificant nor barbaric, but a teaching tool for us. In the burnt offering, we see Christ in His work for the already redeemed.

The Bond of Perfection: Sacrifice

Sermon by Bill Onisick

Sacrifice is the central theme of God's plan, not only the foundation of salvation, but also a means by which we are transformed into God's image.

Pentecost's Two Leavened Loaves (Part Three)

CGG Weekly by David C. Grabbe

We may do the right thing toward a neighbor but not do it with the exact, perfect attitude that God does it in. Thus, our 'good' work contains corruption.

It is Done! The Perfect Peace of God

Sermon by Mark Schindler

In the peace offering, Christ is the priest, offeror, and offering. Since all parties share the peace offering as a meal, it exemplifies a peaceful communion.

Two Loaves, Baked with Leaven

Sermonette by

The leavening indicates that the wave loaves speak to this life rather than the resurrection. It is accepted by God only because of the other sacrifices.

Why Two Goats on Atonement? (Part One)

CGG Weekly by David C. Grabbe

In Israel, sins were symbolically placed on the altar throughout the year. On Yom Kippur, one goat's blood cleansed the altar; the second took away the sins.

Never With Hands Hanging at Your Sides

Sermonette by Mark Schindler

Rejoicing did not become commanded until Pentecost, a joyous time in which God has brought us into fellowship with Our High Priest, enabling peace with Him.

King of Peace: Meal with His Friends

Sermon by Mark Schindler

Jesus Christ stands as the object of all the offerings. The burnt offering pictures His perfect devotion and obedience to God in keeping the first four commandments. The meal offering depicts His equally perfect devotion and obedience in keeping the remaining six commandments that govern relationships with other men. The peace offering shows the perfect communion produced by that sinless performance across thirty-three and a half years, which enabled Him to become the perfect sacrifice for the sins of the world. This sequence establishes what made Him the perfect sin offering. Because human devotion remains flawed and human works remain tarnished, no one can approach God as a whole burnt offering or qualify as a sin offering. The perfect sin offering must therefore precede every worshiper, clearing the way for acceptance as burnt and meal offerings. Once accepted, the love of God begins to work in the heart through the Holy Spirit, preparing the believer to keep the commandments faithfully. On the night He instituted the Passover memorial, Jesus Christ declared that He had finished the work the Father gave Him to do. That same meal presented the peace offering that alone produces unity within the Body of Christ, requiring His friends to serve one another without partiality so that the perfect communion He secured may be realized among them.

Pentecost's Two Leavened Loaves (Part One)

CGG Weekly by David C. Grabbe

Scripture uses leaven as a symbol of corruption. The mystery deepens with the instruction of not one leavened loaf but two. Why two leavened loaves?