Psalm 110 stands as a purely prophetic Messianic psalm, uniquely referring to Jesus Christ and no one else. It cannot apply to David or any other figure, as it prophesies of the anointed God-Priest-King of the line of David. Unlike the Old Testament Davidic kings who could not act as priests, and the Maccabean kings who were Levites and not Davidic, only Christ fits this description. Though sometimes categorized as a royal psalm due to possible use in coronation liturgy for Davidic kings, it is more fittingly seen as purely prophetic, focusing solely on Christ. This psalm is divided into two parts: verses 1 through 3 and verses 4 through 7, presenting two back-to-back oracles or prophetic declarations from God. The first oracle in verse 1, with its fulfillment glimpsed in verses 2 and 3, declares the Father's command to Christ to sit at His right hand until His enemies are made His footstool. The second oracle in verse 4, accompanied by an irrevocable oath from God that He will not relent, is followed by a glimpse of its fulfillment in verses 5 through 7. Notably, verse 1 is the most quoted Old Testament verse in the New Testament, cited 14 times and alluded to in several other instances. The language in some verses of Psalm 110 can be obscure, leading to varied translations, but the core message remains clear through the context of David as the prophetic author, as verified by both Jesus and Peter. In verse 1, three distinct figures are present: the Father (Yahweh), David (the speaker), and Christ (David's Master or Lord), establishing the Father-Son relationship and the divine hierarchy. The time setting of verse 1 aligns with Christ's ascension to heaven after His resurrection, when the Father commands Him to sit at His right hand. By verses 2 and 3, the focus shifts to Christ's second coming, where His people are described as volunteers, willingly offering themselves as living sacrifices to serve Him and join the great army that defeats His enemies. This victory is further depicted in the remaining verses of the psalm, promising triumph for those who endure to the end.

Psalm 110 stands as a profound Messianic psalm, uniquely prophetic in its application solely to Jesus Christ as the anointed God, Priest, and King. This psalm, composed of seven verses, cannot be attributed to any mere human type or historical king, for no other fulfills the dual roles it describes. It is structured in two parts, each containing a divine oracle followed by a glimpse of its fulfillment. The first oracle, found in verses 1 through 3, declares, "The Lord said to my Lord, 'Sit at My right hand, till I make Your enemies Your footstool.'" This verse, frequently referenced in the New Testament, captures the moment of Christ's ascension to heaven, where He is positioned at the Father's right hand. In Hebrew, it reads as Yahweh declares to my Adon, identifying the Father as Yahweh, the great God, and the Son as Adon, meaning Lord or master, with David as the author represented by "my." The time setting then shifts in verse 2 to Christ's second coming, where He rules from Zion amidst His enemies, sending forth the rod of His strength to establish His dominion. Verse 3 highlights His people as volunteers, literally meaning freewill offerings or sacrifices in Hebrew, who choose to serve and sacrifice for Him, rallying as immortal beings in the day of His power, depicted in the beauties of holiness and the dew of His youth, symbolizing the fresh beginning of the Kingdom of God. The second oracle, in verse 4, states, "The Lord has sworn and will not relent, 'You are a priest forever according to the order of Melchizedek.'" This establishes Christ as an eternal High Priest of a superior order, surpassing the Levitical priesthood, with the Father's irrevocable oath affirming His dual role as King and Priest. Verses 5 through 7 provide a glimpse of fulfillment, portraying the Lord, identified as Adon, executing judgment and wrath upon nations and kings at His return. The imagery of drinking from the brook by the wayside in verse 7 signifies His refreshment and satisfaction after complete victory, holding His head high in triumph, not in vainglory, but in the fulfillment of a mission accomplished for His people and the establishment of His Kingdom.

During the illegal trial of Jesus of Nazareth, He referenced Psalm 110:1, where David writes, "The LORD said to my Lord, 'Sit at My right hand, till I make Your enemies Your footstool.'" By claiming this Messianic psalm, Christ asserted His position at the right hand of the Eternal, implying that His present adversaries, the chief priests, elders, and council, were the enemies mentioned in the psalm, destined to become His footstool. This declaration incensed the Jewish leadership, intensifying their reaction during the trial. Following His crucifixion and resurrection, the fulfillment of Christ's words became evident. Peter, in his sermons recorded in Acts, drew on the same psalm, proclaiming that God had raised and glorified Jesus Christ, seating Him at His right hand. This heavenly reality began to press on the minds of the Jewish leaders as they witnessed the effects of divine power through miracles and the growth of the early church, though they resisted accepting it. Stephen, in his testimony before the council in Acts 7, further echoed this vision by declaring that he saw the heavens opened and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God. This comprehension of Christ's exaltation, as foretold in Psalm 110:1, was unbearable to the leaders, leading to Stephen's martyrdom. Despite their efforts to silence the message, the spiritual reality of Christ seated at the Father's right hand continued to spread, affirming His dominion and authority.