The Psalms hold a significant place as a major repository of Messianic prophecies, foretelling both the first and second comings of Christ. These prophecies are often embedded within the three major divisions of the Old Testament—law, Prophets, and Psalms—all of which are filled with references to Christ. Messianic psalms, inspired by God, are compositions where the authors prophesy of the coming Savior, reflecting either His initial arrival or His return. Many Messianic prophecies in the Psalms are written about a type, often David, who serves as a primary figure due to his authorship of numerous psalms. These writings, while addressing events in David's life, prefigure greater fulfillments in Christ, the anti-type, whether as a Man in His first coming or as Divine Warrior, Judge, or High Priest in later appearances. There is also an overlap with royal psalms, which frequently discuss kingship or coronation scenes but are elevated spiritually to apply to Christ as the coming King. Some consider Messianic psalms a subset of royal psalms, while others view them as distinct, especially when a majority of verses or a significant section of a psalm carries Messianic themes. Notable examples include Psalm 2, which speaks of God declaring, "This is My Son, today I have begotten You," and describes Him wielding a rod to smash the nations, and Psalm 45, where the first half focuses on the king and the second on his bride, pointing to Christ as King. Ancient rabbis identified 26 psalms with Messianic prophecies or allusions, while Christian perspectives often recognize more due to their acceptance of Jesus Christ. A specific list of 11 psalms—Psalm 2, 16, 22, 40, 45, 69, 72, 89, 101, 110, and 118—contains major portions dedicated to foretelling Christ's life, character, ministry, death, or sovereign rulership in the Kingdom of God. Additionally, numerous other psalms include brief Messianic references, such as Psalm 34:20, which notes that not one of His bones was broken during crucifixion; Psalm 41:9, foretelling betrayal by a close companion; Psalm 78:2, predicting His teaching in parables; and Psalm 96:13, affirming His role in judging the earth upon His return. Messianic psalms are further categorized into five types: typical Messianic psalms, where a type like David prefigures Christ; typical prophetic Messianic psalms, where the psalmist's experience points prophetically to Christ's life; indirectly Messianic psalms, often royal psalms finding ultimate fulfillment in Christ; purely prophetic Messianic psalms, exclusively referring to Christ, such as Psalm 110; and enthronement Messianic psalms, foretelling Christ's reign as King of kings, evident in Psalms 96 through 99. Psalm 110, in particular, stands as a purely prophetic psalm, applying solely to Christ as the anointed God-Priest-King of David's line, distinct from historical Davidic kings who could not serve as priests. This psalm, divided into two oracles, prophesies Christ's ascension and ultimate victory, with verse 1 being the most quoted Old Testament verse in the New Testament, establishing the Father-Son relationship and Christ's authority at the Father's right hand.

Messianic Psalms are a significant genre within the Book of Psalms, where the authors, under God's inspiration, prophesy about the coming Savior, Redeemer, and King. These psalms provide insights into both His first and second comings, often presenting direct prophecies about Jesus Christ Himself or through types such as David, whose life events prefigure aspects of Christ's humanity, ministry, sacrifice, resurrection, and other roles as the Messiah. A pared-down list of Messianic Psalms includes Psalms 2, 16, 22, 40, 45, 69, 72, 89, 101, 110, and 118, with major portions dedicated to foretelling Christ's life, character, ministry, death, or rule. These often overlap with royal and enthronement psalms, highlighting their prophetic nature. Additionally, the Book of Psalms contains about 70 clear references to Christ, many fulfilled in the New Testament, with numerous other prophecies pointing to Him beyond these. Psalm 15, though not typically classified as a Messianic Psalm, reveals a deep connection to Jesus Christ when viewed through the lens of His perfect character. It outlines the ideal character of one who can dwell in God's tabernacle, a standard only Christ fully meets, serving as an example for others to strive toward. This psalm emphasizes His perfect judgment and insight into human hearts, distinguishing between the wicked and those who fear the Lord, a capability uniquely attributed to Him. Psalm 16, a recognized Messianic Psalm, can be read as both David's words and as spoken by Jesus Christ about His relationship with God and His people. It begins with a plea for preservation and a confession of dependence on the Father, reflecting Christ's constant reliance on Him during His earthly life. The psalm highlights His love for the saints, describing them as His excellent ones in whom He delights, and His determination to avoid sin to fulfill His mission as their sinless sacrifice. It also declares His inheritance and purpose as given by God, culminating in a prophecy of His resurrection and ascension, affirming that the Father would not leave His soul in Sheol nor allow His Holy One to see corruption, ushering Him into eternal joy in God's presence. Psalm 110 stands as a purely prophetic Messianic Psalm, applicable only to Christ as the anointed God, Priest, and King. It contains two divine oracles: the first, in verses 1 through 3, establishes the Father-Son relationship, with the Father declaring to the Son to sit at His right hand until His enemies are made His footstool, pointing to Christ's ascension and future rule over His enemies from Zion. The second oracle, in verse 4, affirms Christ as a priest forever according to the order of Melchizedek, a role surpassing the Levitical priesthood, combining the offices of King and Priest in one person. The psalm concludes with a vision of His victorious return, executing judgment among nations and establishing His Kingdom, refreshed and triumphant in His dual role, satisfyingly completing His mission for His people and those who follow.