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Clothing, Wineskins, and Wine
'Ready Answer' by David C. GrabbeClothing serves as a recurring biblical symbol of righteousness, a theme rooted in the Garden of Eden. After Adam and Eve sinned, they attempted to cover themselves with garments made by their own hands, but God replaced these with tunics of skin, requiring the life of an animal—foreshadowing the Lamb of God giving His life to cover sin. This establishes clothing as representative of covering for sin and righteousness, whether man-made or divinely provided. This symbolism becomes central to understanding the Parable of the Cloth and the Wineskins, spoken by Christ in response to the Pharisees' objections regarding fasting. When Jesus states that no one puts a new patch on an old garment, He addresses the incompatibility between two kinds of righteousness: man's own righteousness and the righteousness of Christ. Isaiah 64:6 declares that human righteousness is like filthy rags, and though the Pharisees possessed a form of righteousness, Jesus asserts that true righteousness must exceed theirs. This is only possible through Christ's righteousness being imputed to believers, becoming a new covering as they submit to being conformed to His image. Attempting to tear a piece from the new garment to patch the old—that is, trying to blend one's own righteousness with a portion of Christ's—is futile, since the two coverings are fundamentally incompatible. One must be chosen over the other entirely. The Parable of the Wedding Garment in Matthew 22:1-13 reinforces this principle, teaching that inappropriate clothing bars a person from the wedding feast, underscoring that proper covering is essential for acceptance. The broader lesson is that once Christ's righteousness becomes available through His being "taken away" (crucified and ascended), continuing to rely on one's own righteousness—whether that be the corrupted system of the Pharisees, which had drifted from the true intent of the Old Covenant, or any other belief system such as Judaism, Catholicism, Protestantism, or secularism—is not only inadequate but self-defeating. Works remain necessary, but without the covering of Christ, such works remain filthy rags. Believers must instead discard confidence in their own righteousness and be clothed entirely in Christ's, allowing it to fit and cover them appropriately as they are transformed into His image.
Resolutions: Man's and God's
'Ready Answer' by Ronny H. GrahamClothing functions throughout Scripture as a rich symbol whose meaning extends far beyond its physical, protective purpose. While garments serve practical functions—protecting, concealing, and decorating the body—they also serve to display or represent a person's moral and spiritual condition. Observing what people wear, or fail to wear, in public often provides insight into their moral character, social status, or spiritual state. When clothing choices are combined with specific circumstances, as in the case of the man lacking a wedding garment in the Parable of the Wedding Feast (Matthew 22:1-14), a person's attitude toward others and toward God becomes evident. This symbolic use of clothing connects directly to the apostle Paul's repeated instructions to "put on" various character traits and virtues, a pattern found throughout his epistles. In Romans 13:11-14, Paul urgently calls believers to "cast off the works of darkness" and "put on the armor of light," ultimately urging them to "put on the Lord Jesus Christ." The phrase "cast off" carries stronger force than simply removing something; it conveys flinging away clothing so foul that one wants no further contact with it, paralleling the way children might toss aside garments they no longer want to wear. Job similarly declares, "I put on righteousness, and it clothed me" (Job 29:14), reinforcing this image of righteous character as a garment to be actively worn. Paul develops this metaphor further in Colossians 3, providing explicit lists of what to put off—anger, wrath, malice, blasphemy, filthy language, lying—and what to put on instead: tender mercies, kindness, humility, meekness, longsuffering, forgiveness, and above all, love, "which is the bond of perfection." This process represents putting off "the old man with his deeds" and putting on "the new man who is renewed in knowledge according to the image of Him who created him." The old, earthly nature and the new, heavenly nature cannot coexist indefinitely; as one diligently practices the attitudes and actions of Christ, the old man's weaknesses and sins gradually fall away. This clothing imagery ties into the broader call for self-examination and spiritual progress, contrasted with the world's failed New Year's resolutions. Unlike temporary worldly promises abandoned within weeks, the instructions to "put on" Christ-like virtues cannot be discarded after a short trial. They must become ingrained habits, as natural and consistent as dressing each morning, until believers are ultimately prepared to "put on eternal life and immortality in the Kingdom of God." Truth itself is described as something to be worn like a garment and guarded carefully, especially as surrounding society embraces deceit and false tolerance. In this way, clothing serves as a sustained metaphor for the lifelong process of spiritual transformation, moving from the old, sinful nature toward Christlike character.
How Far Have We Fallen? (Part One)
Commentary by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)Clothing functions as an outward symbol of the inward measure of respect one holds—whether toward God, toward others, toward an institution or office, or even toward oneself. This principle is illustrated through the observation that clothing, like money, communicates a message; the gradual decline in formality of dress at public gatherings, such as major league baseball games, signals a broader cultural shift toward disrespect and self-centeredness. A comparison of photographs from earlier decades, when fans dressed formally in suits with white shirts and ties, to today's often sloppy attire at the same events demonstrates how standards have eroded over time. This decline in dress is presented as one visible marker of a larger pattern in which respect for others and for right standards diminishes gradually, unless actively resisted, until deterioration becomes the accepted norm. This principle extends directly into matters of worship and one's posture before God. Scripture demonstrates that clothing is not a trivial matter when it comes to appearing before Him: God gave strong, explicit commands regarding what the priests were required to wear when they came into His presence, showing that He demands outward respect as a reflection of inward reverence. The seriousness of this requirement is underscored by the account of Aaron's sons, whom God immediately slew when they approached Him in the wrong mental state, resulting in a terrible offense. This demonstrates that lack of respect, even when manifested outwardly, reflects a deeper failure to truly recognize that one stands in the presence of God. Applying this to the present day, it is noted that some scattered congregations have members who dress very informally for Sabbath services, thereby signaling that they have forgotten they are in God's presence and consequently show little respect for Him in that setting. While this particular issue with attire has not been a problem within the fellowship being addressed, a comparable concern exists in the practice of some who cannot sit through an entire service without a cup of coffee in front of them—a habit judged to be equally disrespectful as improper dress, and one that does not align with the teachings of the book of holiness, Leviticus. Ultimately, the discussion of clothing as a symbol connects to the broader theme of spiritual decline addressed in Jesus's letters to the seven churches in Revelation 2 and 3, where gradual erosion of respect and devotion crept into nearly all the congregations except Smyrna and Philadelphia, with Sardis reaching the point of spiritual death. In the same way, declining respect for God—whether shown through casual dress or other habits during worship—serves as a warning sign of deeper spiritual complacency. The challenge posed is whether one truly perceives oneself as standing in God's presence and whether one's outward conduct, including attire and behavior during services, reflects the level of reverence such a reality demands.
Parable of the Marriage Feast
Bible Study by Martin G. CollinsJesus exposes the Jews' rejection of the gospel using the illustration of a king sending invitations to a wedding celebration.
Modesty (Part One): Moderation and Propriety
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Martin G. CollinsWe must avoid the world's extremes and sensual excesses in matters of dress and fashion, adopting instead humility, chastity, decency, morality, and self control.
Knowing God: Formality and Customs (Part Five)
Sermon by John W. RitenbaughThe notion that it does not matter what we wear if our heart is right on the inside is foolish. Our clothing ought to reflect our inward character.
Many Are Called, But Few Are Chosen (Part Nine)
Sermon by Martin G. CollinsThe loyalty of the Laodiceans did not extend far beyond loyalty to self. Loyalty and friendship are inextricably bound together.
Many Are Called, Few Are Chosen
'Ready Answer' by John O. ReidGod's calling and predestination can be confusing, especially the verse that 'many are called, but few are chosen'. Why does God not just choose everyone?
A Culture in Freefall
CGG Weekly by Richard T. RitenbaughNot too long ago, Americans could sneer across the Atlantic at the abysmal state of European morals. A good moral gauge was what was shown on television.
The Priesthood of God (Part Six)
Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)The priestly garments represent the holy character of God. Clothing is used as a badge of one's office and symbolizes what our character is like inwardly.
Sanctification and Holiness (Part 4)
Sermon by John W. RitenbaughThe bronze altar, made with the censers from the rebels, was a reminder of the folly of rebelling against holy things, replacing God's standards with human ones.
The Priesthood of God (Part Seven)
Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)A priest, having cognizance of his own weaknesses, has an obligation to empathize with other peoples' weaknesses and bear one another's burdens.
Knowing God: Formality and Customs (Part Six)
Sermon by John W. RitenbaughIn the matter of godly standards for dress, we must adopt the humble, childlike, sincere, unassuming, and teachable attitude, loving God intimately.
Knowing God: Formality and Customs (Part Four)
Sermon by John W. RitenbaughHair length and clothing are outward indicators of a person's inner spiritual condition. They serve as a testimony of what we are on the inside.
Matthew (Part Twenty-Eight)
Sermon/Bible Study by John W. RitenbaughWhen God gives a responsibility, He gives all the tools to carry it out and the freedom to decide how to do it. He wants to see how we do with what He gives.
Protecting the Vulnerable
Sermonette by Ted E. BowlingDeuteronomy 21:10-14 gives instructions for the treatment of female prisoners-of-war. This passage demonstrates God's protection of the most vulnerable.
The Nature of God: Elohim
Sermon by John W. RitenbaughUnderstanding Elohim teaches us about the nature of God and where our lives are headed. Elohim refers to a plural family unit in the process of expanding.
Faith and the Christian Fight (Part One)
Sermon by John W. RitenbaughThe Bible abounds in metaphors of warfare, indicating that the Christian's walk will be characterized by stress, sacrifice, and deprivation in building faith.
Knowing God: Formality and Customs (Part Two)
Sermon by John W. RitenbaughWe must continually upgrade our decorum and formality in our approach to God. What is practiced on the outside reinforces what is on the inside.
Parable of the Treasure
Bible Study by Martin G. CollinsJesus' Parable of the Treasure in Matthew 6:19-21 is designed to get us to evaluate the relative values of material wealth and 'treasures in heaven.'
Maintaining Good Health (Part 2)
Sermon by John W. RitenbaughThe cleanliness laws in Leviticus, prescribing cleansing and quarantine, apply to the spiritual dimension as well. God will not tolerate uncleanness.
The Fear of God (Part One)
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by John W. RitenbaughWe must have established some relationship with God before we can rightly fear Him. A holy fear is the key to unlocking the treasuries of salvation and wisdom.
Laodiceanism
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by John W. RitenbaughOur love for beauty must be coupled with love for righteousness and holiness. Our relationship with Christ must take central place in our lives, displacing all else.
Purpose-Driven Churches (Part 5)
Sermon by John W. RitenbaughPurpose-driven churches experience exponential growth through tolerating any belief. These churches would sacrifice any doctrine if it stands in the way of growth.