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Who Are the Two Witnesses (Revelation 11:3)?

Bible Questions & Answers

The Two Witnesses are two human beings who will be given extraordinary power for 3 1/2 years just before Christ's return. If anyone attempts to harm them before they complete their ministry, fire proceeds from their mouth and devours their enemies. They will also have power to produce drought and famine and to smite the earth with plagues. The most notable work of the Two Witnesses will be to give one final warning to this world, bringing them into conflict with the people and the governments in power, and they will be martyred. The whole world will rejoice and give each other gifts as they view their dead bodies, lying unburied in the streets of Jerusalem. However, those same people will be struck with great fear when they see the Two Witnesses come to life again and ascend into the sky in a cloud. The Two Witnesses are called the two olive trees and the two lampstands standing before the God of the earth, indicating they will supply the church with oil, spiritually feeding the church during the famine of the Word. Thus, the Two Witnesses will be affiliated with and teaching the members of God's church before and possibly during their greater worldwide ministry.

God's Two Witnesses

'Prophecy Watch' by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Among the churches of God, there is a growing anticipation that the Two Witnesses, foretold in Revelation 11, will soon begin to prophesy, especially as global conditions worsen and the return of Christ is expected in the near future. These two prophets are linked to the flow of end-time prophecy, with their ministry of testimony confined to the one thousand two hundred and sixty days of the Great Tribulation. They will be martyred by the Beast three and a half days before the first resurrection, when they are raised to join Christ in the air with the other firstfruits of God's Kingdom. Until the Great Tribulation begins and the holy city comes under the dominion of the Gentiles, the Two Witnesses have not officially started their prophetic work. Before this time, they remain essentially anonymous servants of God. However, Scripture provides hints about their character. They will not be unstable individuals, as nothing suggests God uses people of unsound mind for major works. They will be men, not entities or symbols, as Revelation 11 clearly describes them as prophets who can be killed, have bodies, and are resurrected. The language and allusions in the primary passages point overwhelmingly to masculine figures, aligning with biblical patterns. They will not be resurrected saints from the past, as there is no indication of this in the relevant passages, and God's consistent patterns do not support such a notion. Additionally, they will be neither unconverted nor recently converted, likely being baptized members of God's church and possibly ordained ministers, prepared over an extended period for their significant mission. Revelation 11:4 identifies them as the two olive trees and two lampstands standing before the God of the earth, paralleling Zechariah 4:14, where they are called the two anointed ones who stand beside the Lord of the whole earth. This symbolic description ties them to the provision of spiritual instruction, likely through words and teaching, to the seven churches just before the end. God introduces them as His own witnesses in Revelation 11:3, indicating they are His direct representatives in the last years of man's civilization, reflecting Christ's life and righteousness in their actions and ministry. Though not perfect, they will be men of godly character and virtue, attracting the wrath of Satan, the Beast, and the world, much like Christ did. God will endow them with power to preach, to plague, and to defend themselves during a time of great violence, ensuring they can reveal Him as a final witness before Christ's intervention. At present, their identity remains unrevealed, and the exact timing of their appearance is unknown. The focus should be on seeking Christ-like servants who are feeding the churches through Holy Spirit-inspired works and laboring intensely to equip the saints for the challenging days ahead and Christ's return. God will make them known when their appointed time arrives.

The Two Witnesses

Sermonette by Mike Ford

Many have claimed to be the Two Witnesses. We can identify true and false prophets by their fruits, including if they teach that God's Law has been done away.

Who the Two Witnesses Are Not

'Prophecy Watch' by Charles Whitaker

Who are the Two Witnesses? In an essentially literal understanding, they are seen as two individuals, two human servants of God. Some, however, view them as concepts or corporate bodies, such as Israel and the church, or as the Old and New Testaments, meaning the collections of inspired, canonized writings. At present, their true identity remains unrevealed, but it can be determined that they are not the Old and New Testaments. The descriptions of the Two Witnesses employ anthropomorphic language, highlighting human traits and behaviors. They are clothed in sackcloth, which cannot reasonably apply to books. They possess the power of volition, able to strike the earth with plagues as they wish, a capability not attributable to inanimate collections of writings. Furthermore, they die, with their bodies lying in the streets of Jerusalem, a depiction not easily aligned with symbolic death or books. The breath of life from God revives them, they stand on their feet in a real resurrection, and they are translated to heaven, further challenging the notion of them being mere texts. Additionally, they are called prophets, a term consistently used for persons, not Scriptures. Other evidence supports this view. God empowers His Two Witnesses for a specific period of 1,260 days, unlike the timeless power given to His Word. They are described as ministers, preachers, and prophets sent to proclaim His message, bringing welcome news of peace and salvation to those who hear.

The Two Witnesses (Part One)

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

God wants us to recognize prophecies as they occur or shortly afterward. To cling to an interpretation before the events happen leads to missing vital details.

The Two Witnesses (Part Five)

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

The olive trees in Zechariah 4:11 refer to the Two Witnesses who pour oil (spiritual instruction) into a golden bowl, supplying the churches with nourishment.

The Two Witnesses (Part Two)

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

God's truth may bring about sadness, astonishment, anger, and bitterness to the one delivering the message. James and John were types of the Two Witnesses.

The Two Witnesses (Part Three)

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

The first major concern of the Two Witnesses will be directed to the church rather than to the world at large, expunging worldliness out of the church.

The Two Witnesses (Part Seven)

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Christ's Two Witnesses will accomplished their work before the Beast kills them. Humanity will feel relief at their death, but stark terror at their resurrection.

The Two Witnesses (Part Six)

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

The Two Witnesses have authority from God to annihilate those who interfere with their work as well as power over weather patterns and natural elements.

The Two Witnesses (Part Four)

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

The seven golden lamps symbolize 7 churches, empowered by abundant oil, manifested as spiritual words. Zerubbabel is a type of Christ, finishing the Temple.

Witness and Warning to the Powerful

CGG Weekly by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

God coordinates events to place one of His servants in a position of high visibility and sometimes great power at the center of world events to sound a warning.

1335 (Part Two)

'Prophecy Watch' by Charles Whitaker

The apostle Paul, writing to Timothy, suggests loving Christ's appearing on day 1,335 (Daniel 12:12) should come first in our understanding of prophecy.

The Sixth Century Axial Period (Part Two)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

Prophets, even though they may bring new messages, stay consistent with existing Scripture and doctrine as they speak on behalf of God.

God's Sovereignty and the Church's Condition (Part Two)

'Personal' from John W. Ritenbaugh

God's hand was definitely involved in the scattering of the church. We should respond by growing and preparing ourselves for His Kingdom.

Think Soberly (Part Two)

Sermon by Mark Schindler

No one has ever appointed themselves into a position in God's family. God's appointment is a prerogative reserved by Him alone.

Gifted With Power From on High

Sermon by Martin G. Collins

With the Holy Spirit, we receive spiritual gifts that amplify extant physical abilities for the expressed purpose of edifying the church.

Man's Greatest Challenge (Part Two)

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Many have difficulty accepting internal biblical evidence attesting to the Bible's authority. When properly studied, there are no contradictions in Scripture.

'You Are My Witnesses...'

Article by Martin G. Collins

What is a witness? Here is how the term is used in both Old and New Testaments, including the everyday witness of a Christian and the end-time Two Witnesses.

Are These the Last Days? (Part 1)

'Prophecy Watch' by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Are we really so certain these are the last days? How can we know for sure? What does the Bible give as evidence that the last days are here?

End-Time Cavemen

CGG Weekly by Charles Whitaker

In Revelation 6:16-17, Jesus Christ, the Revelator, quotes the words of some end-time cave dwellers. What do these two sentences tell us about them?

Revelation 10 and the Laodicean Church

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Revelation 10 and 11 describe a time before the Tribulation and the Day of the Lord, a time when the last of the seven thunders rumbles to a faint whimper.

Prophecy and the Sixth-Century Axial Period

'Personal' from John W. Ritenbaugh

Prophecy has many purposes, but it is never intended to open the future to mere curiosity. Its higher purpose is to give guidance to the heirs of salvation.

Revelation 10 and the Church's History

Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Revelation 10 contains the seven thunders and the little book. It serves as an inset, not following a linear time sequence of the book of Revelation.

The Appointed Time of the Resurrection

Sermonette by Clyde Finklea

The time of Christ's return appears to be soon in the light of recent events. Watch for the gathering of armies around the future capital of the world.

The Sixth Century Axial Period (Part One)

Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

A prophet is one who carries a message from another. A true prophet's message will derive from existing Scripture, even if he is breaking new, unexplored ground.

Post-Historic Cave-Dwellers

'Prophecy Watch' by Charles Whitaker

The Sixth Seal of Revelation details the reaction of some people to the amazing heavenly signs they witness, giving us insight into what lies ahead.

The Three Angels

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

We tend to organize things in groups of three, such as the proclamation of the three angels in Revelation 14:6-13. Angelos could refer to a human messenger.

The Seven Churches (Part Ten): What Now?

Bible Study by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

The Bible indicates all seven churches of Revelation will exist at the end, but do God's people have hope for a bright future? Will Christ reunite His church?

A Place of Safety? (Part 5)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Obsessing about the Place of Safety is a sure way to disqualify oneself from it. God calls some faithful, zealous ones for martyrdom during the Tribulation.

Christ's Second Coming

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

The Feast of Trumpets memorializes God's deliverance of Israel beginning with Joseph, and looks forward to Christ's return when God will deliver His people.

'Seventy Weeks Are Determined...'

'Prophecy Watch' by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

The Seventy Weeks Prophecy is contentious among prophecy experts. But simply taking the Bible at face value makes the meaning of this prophecy crystal clear.

Avoiding Superficiality

Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Success in spiritual things does not consist in growing large and powerful, but humbly living by faith, overcoming, and yielding to God's shaping power.