Sin affects every human being without exception, for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God. Through one man sin entered the world, and death through sin, so that death spread to all because all sinned. Scripture has confined all under sin, rendering every person, whether moral or immoral, religious or irreligious, subject to its power. The Greek phrase describing this condition is huph hamartian, indicating that man is under sin's authority, control, and sway as a living, active force that reigns in death and seeks to retain dominion even after conversion. Sin is not an external threat alone but has penetrated every aspect of human existence, so that whoever commits sin is its slave. It lies at the door, desiring to master the individual and to increase iniquity from one act or attitude to another until sin becomes a way of life. Biblical terms for sin, such as hamartia and paraptoma, portray it as missing the mark or wandering from the right path, a failure to reach the standard of God's righteousness revealed in Jesus Christ. This standard requires attaining the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ, and all fall short of it in thought, word, deed, attitude, or omission. Because sin is so pervasive and often subtle, its effects are not always immediately visible, yet they erode physical and spiritual vitality and lead ultimately to death. God therefore calls His people to recognize sin's universal grip, to repent at once, and to overcome it throughout life so that they may grow into the perfect righteousness of the Son of God and go on to perfection.

Sin separates us from God, as Isaiah 59:1-2 declares: Behold, the Lord's hand is not shortened, that it cannot save; nor His ear heavy, that it cannot hear. But your iniquities have separated you from your God; and your sins have hidden His face from you so that He will not hear. This separation is a universal condition, affecting all of humanity, and must be overcome to restore access to Him. As we grow in God's way and become more discerning, sin becomes apparent everywhere we look, often within ourselves. We may see little deceits, envy, jealousy, anger, and even rage and hatred just below the surface, ready to emerge. Sin is like a cancer, invisible much of the time but silently working to destroy us, desiring to return us to our former state. Despite our growth in the grace and knowledge of Jesus Christ, the presence of human nature ensures that sin remains a constant threat, as even mature Christians like Paul experienced its pull and occasional outbreak. The discouraging reality of seeing sin in ourselves can turn to thankful encouragement, for our ability to discern it more clearly is evidence of spiritual growth. It is also encouraging to understand that to overcome sin, we must first be aware of its corruption. Moreover, it is wonderful to know that our merciful God has covered even the accumulated sin we were unaware of, as Christ's blood is sufficient to cover the sins of the whole world. This awareness should deepen our appreciation of Christ's sacrifice and motivate us to cry out for God's Kingdom to come, yearning for the time we will be free of the flesh's pulls. Even as we strive to walk as Christ walked, human nature persists, often overpowering us and leading us to revert to its drives. This can be disturbing, piling guilt upon us and making us fearful of separation from God. Yet, despite this wretchedness, we have assurance through Jesus Christ that there is an end to this struggle, and we will be delivered from this peculiar situation of battling our dual nature.