Circumcision, a sign of the Old Covenant with God, marked physical descent from Abraham and covenantal connection. Under the New Covenant, Acts 15 council decided it is not necessary for salvation, freeing Gentiles from this requirement. It represents more than a physical act; it symbolizes spiritual repentance and heart circumcision, cutting away resistance to God's will. While historically significant, physical circumcision holds no effect on spiritual holiness or relationship with God, as justification comes through faith. True circumcision is of the heart, aligning with God's commandments, not outward acts. Though culturally significant, its purpose is fulfilled spiritually through baptism and faith, emphasizing obedience over physical ritual.

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Neonatal Circumcision in America

Commentary by Charles Whitaker (1944-2021)

In late March, the topic of neonatal circumcision in New Zealand was used to highlight the subtle yet powerful control totalitarian governments exert over their populations. Despite strong religious beliefs in the social and moral benefits of circumcising newborn boys, a covert government policy reduced New Zealand's circumcision rate from 95% to just 0.3% over approximately 50 years. In comparison, the prevalence of circumcision in America stands at about 75%, notably high among Israelite nations, second only to the State of Israel at 90%. Prevalence reflects the ratio of circumcised to uncircumcised males at a given time, and America's rate contrasts sharply with lower figures in Canada (32%), Australia (30%), France (14%), Finland (2-4%), Denmark (1.6%), and New Zealand (0.3%). Adjusting for non-Israelite populations in areas like California, where the rate is 23%, the prevalence among Israelites there and across the US likely exceeds these figures. Neonatal circumcision rates in the US have declined dramatically in recent years. Studies show only 33% of adults aged 18 to 29 support routine neonatal circumcision, compared to 66% of those over 65. Incidence, which counts circumcisions within a specific period, dropped from 56% in 2007 to 30% in 2009, a decrease of 26 percentage points in just two years. This rapid decline raises questions about underlying causes, especially as 18 states have defunded neonatal circumcision through Medicaid, with California initiating this trend in 1982 and eight states following between 2002 and 2007. This suggests a possible coordinated effort by elitist bureaucrats in healthcare, government, and insurance sectors against the practice. Additionally, circumcision incidence varies significantly across US regions. In 2009, the Midwest reported the highest rate at over 76%, followed by the Northeast at 64.5%, the South at 56.3%, and the West at 30%, the lowest in the country. These regional differences persist despite high American mobility over the past 75 years, which might have been expected to homogenize such statistics. The distinct clustering of circumcision practices into specific regions, particularly the Midwest, raises intriguing questions about whether these patterns reflect a deeper, unseen influence or purpose.

Lessons from New Zealand Circumcisions

Commentary by Charles Whitaker (1944-2021)

Circumcision, as introduced in Genesis 17:4-14, is established as a sign of God's covenant with Abraham. God specifies in verse 12 that it should occur on the eighth day after birth, and in verse 14, He declares that an uncircumcised Israelite shall be cut off from his people for breaking His covenant. This Abrahamic Covenant circumcision underscores its profound significance for Israelites, though it was not always performed on the eighth day, as seen with Abraham himself at 99 years old and others at varying ages, yet always linked to the covenant. Beyond this, there are shadow forms of circumcision not connected to the Abrahamic Covenant, including neonatal circumcisions, medical circumcisions, and rite-of-passage circumcisions associated with puberty, practiced by groups like Muslims, Tongans, and Samoans without recognition of the covenant God ordained for His people in Genesis 17. In New Zealand, neonatal circumcision, generally a shadow form unlinked to the Abrahamic Covenant, saw a dramatic shift in prevalence over the last century. In the 1940s, about 85% of men and boys were circumcised, peaking in 1945 with 950 out of every 1,000 boys undergoing the procedure. By 1995, this rate plummeted to only 3 in 1,000, the lowest among Israelite nations at the time. This reversal stemmed from changing societal and governmental attitudes. Initially, in the late 1800s and early 1900s, many religious groups supported neonatal circumcision to prevent moral issues, leading to its widespread adoption, often mandated by hospitals as part of maternity policies until the mid-20th century. With New Zealand's shift to a socialist state after 1935 and the socialization of healthcare, government influence grew. Early on, leaders supported neonatal circumcision through state-funded health facilities, aligning with prevailing religious beliefs. However, post-World War II secularization led to a dismissal of these beliefs as superstition, and the government quietly reversed policies, making circumcision increasingly difficult to access and eventually defunding it. This resulted in the near disappearance of neonatal circumcision among the Ephraimite population within a few decades, reflecting the power of a welfare state to alter long-standing practices without public input.

The Covenant of Circumcision

Sermon/Bible Study by John W. Ritenbaugh

Circumcision was the sign God gave Abraham indicating that his descendants would ascend to greatness, acquiring physical and spiritual blessings.

Forms vs. Spirituality (Part 4)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

In the discussion of biblical laws and their spiritual significance, circumcision emerges as a pivotal issue within the early church, particularly highlighted in Acts 15. This council addressed the intense debate surrounding circumcision, which often represents a broader body of religious regulations and theology. Some insisted that salvation depended on being circumcised according to the manner of Moses, implying a specific formula for salvation. However, circumcision can also simply refer to the physical act of cutting a small portion of skin as a sign of entering the Old Covenant with God, or it can signify a circumcision of the heart, indicating spiritual repentance and conversion that truly affects the mind, character, and conduct. The decision of the Acts 15 council was clear: circumcision, whether as a rite or as representing a set of laws and theology, is not necessary for spiritual salvation. The key determination was not to trouble the Gentiles turning to God with these requirements, emphasizing that they are not absolute for acceptance before Him. This ruling did not abolish the laws but clarified that they are not essential for salvation. Paul, even after this decision, continued to observe the laws, demonstrating that they were not deemed obsolete or without use. Further insight reveals that the burden or yoke associated with circumcision, as discussed in Acts 15, was not the law of God itself but rather the extensive, perverted regulations and theology developed around it by the Pharisees. This combination of God's law with thousands of additional rules created an unbearable yoke, separating individuals from righteous judgment and fellowship, and ultimately from God Himself. The council's decision set aside these burdensome additions, focusing instead on establishing peace among Jews and Gentiles within the church, allowing for the gradual teaching of God's law in its proper context. Additionally, circumcision under the Old Covenant served as a sign and seal, representing all associated laws and the basis for a relationship with God. Without it, there was no covenantal connection. Yet, under the New Covenant, even a rite as significant as circumcision holds no effect on spiritual holiness or one's relationship with God, as it does not enter into the heart. In contrast, keeping the commandments is paramount, touching the core of true conversion and spiritual life.

Why We Must Put Out Leaven

Article by Earl L. Henn

Circumcision, as instituted by God as the sign of the covenant with Abraham, predates the Old Covenant and was a command given to Israel to circumcise male babies, identifying them as physical descendants of Abraham and setting them apart from other nations. Under the New Covenant, initiated by Christ, Gentiles entered the church through repentance and baptism, becoming Abraham's spiritual progeny through faith in Christ's sacrifice and receipt of the Holy Spirit. A significant controversy arose over whether Gentiles should be circumcised, leading to a ministerial conference where it was decided that Gentiles do not need to be physically circumcised. God revealed to the apostles that under the New Covenant, He makes no distinction between Jew and Gentile, extending salvation to all based on repentance and faith in Christ, not physical descent from Abraham. Physical circumcision's purpose has been superseded by the New Covenant, as it typifies putting off the old man of sin through baptism, and spiritual circumcision of the heart and mind fulfills its symbolism. Therefore, there is no need for the physical act, as justification by faith completes the spiritual meaning of circumcision. In contrast, the act of deleavening homes during the Days of Unleavened Bread retains its purpose, symbolizing the ongoing struggle to purge sin from our lives, a process that will not be fully complete until we are transformed and inherit the Kingdom of God.

The Jerusalem Council's Conclusion

Sermon/Bible Study by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Just as parents send children out with specific cautions while all household rules still apply, the Council of Jerusalem in Acts 15 addressed whether Gentile converts had to follow Jewish customs like circumcision to be saved. Certain Judean believers insisted on circumcision according to the Law of Moses, but the apostle Paul and Barnabas disputed this and appealed to the apostles in Jerusalem. The apostle Peter testified that God had already accepted Gentiles—shown in the conversion of Cornelius the Centurion—by giving them the Holy Spirit and purifying their hearts through faith, not through ritual law. James affirmed this using the prophecy of Book of Amos, concluding that salvation is by grace through Jesus Christ for both Jews and Gentiles. The council therefore rejected imposing the heavy burden of accumulated Jewish traditions, asking Gentile believers only to avoid idolatry-related food, sexual immorality, and blood—practices common in pagan culture that would disrupt fellowship. Overall, the decision affirmed that justification comes through grace and faith rather than works like circumcision, while God's moral commandments still guide holy living and unity among believers

Elements of Judgment (Part Four)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

We need to learn to judge in a godly manner, putting merciful restraints on our tendency to condemn or jump to conclusions. One size does not fit all.

The Covenants, Grace, and Law (Part Six)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Circumcision, as discussed, holds a significant place in understanding God's covenant, though its application and meaning evolve across the biblical narrative. At the council in Acts 15, it was determined that a person could make and keep the New Covenant without being physically circumcised. This decision reflected broader issues beyond theology, including cultural and national implications, where circumcision was seen as a step obligating one to the whole Old Covenant law and as a cultural form making one a citizen of the commonwealth of Israel. Additionally, it was theologically out of sync with the New Covenant reality of access to God and justification by grace through faith in Christ's sacrifice. Circumcision also represented more than a theological issue, carrying racial and cultural ramifications that exacerbated separation between Jews and Gentiles, especially when compounded by Jewish codes of law rather than God's law. Despite pressures and cultural significance, Paul emphasized in I Corinthians 7:19 that what is important is the keeping of God's commandments, not the physical act of circumcision. Paul himself demonstrated this nuanced understanding by circumcising Timothy as a concession to the Jews, showing he did not consider circumcision a curse nor was he against God's law, but rather saw practical ramifications that should not be cast aside. Historically, circumcision was the sign of the covenant Abraham made with God, authenticating an unseen reality and ensuring acceptance with God under the Old Covenant as proof of being an heir to Abraham's promises. However, even in the Old Testament, God gave intimations that circumcision pointed to something greater than a physical act, emphasizing an inward, spiritual significance over mere outward mutilation. By the time of Jeremiah, God declared punishment on all, whether physically circumcised or not, indicating that true circumcision was of the heart, a concept unchanged in the New Covenant. This spiritual dimension is further illustrated by references to uncircumcised ears, lips, and hearts, symbolizing resistance to God's will. An uncircumcised heart is closed and impervious to God's influence, while circumcision made without hands cuts away hindrances, opening the heart to submission to God's will. This cooperative effort between God and the individual underscores that circumcision, far from being done away, remains a vital spiritual aspect of the New Covenant, designed so that God's laws are written in the heart, transforming resistance into obedience.

The Covenants, Grace, and Law (Part Seven)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

The New Covenant was designed by God to circumcise the heart, making it possible for God's laws to be written in our hearts and reflected in our behavior.

The Covenants, Grace, and Law (Part Fifteen)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Things written in the Old Testament were written for us. The differences in the covenants focus on justification and access to God, not doing away with the law.

The Covenants, Grace, and Law (Part Twenty-Eight)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

The yoke of bondage Paul refers to in Galatians was a combination of the code of regulations added by the Pharisees and Gnostic ritualism, not God's Law.

Hebrews: Its Background (Part Nine)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

The Book of Hebrews is a must-read for all members of God's church who seek the key for spiritual growth through a meaningful relationship with Jesus Christ.

The Doctrine of Israel (Part Two): The Old Covenant

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

God made the New Covenant because Jacob's offspring did not have what it took to fulfill the terms of the Old Covenant. The carnal mind is hostile to God's law.

'Done Away' Is Incorrect

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

Protestantism alleges that God's law is 'done away.' What Scripture shows, though, is that some aspects are not required presently, but God's law is eternal.

Elements of Judgment (Part Five)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

We dare not 'do away' anything that is part of God's mind, or we will not be in His image. Acts 15 did not give Gentiles exemption from keeping God's Law.

Elements of Judgment (Part One)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

The last days of the Worldwide Church of God demonstrated a dearth of righteous judgment. God expects us to judge wisely within the parameters of His Law.

The Law's Purpose and Intent

Sermon by Martin G. Collins

The effectiveness of a law is found in its purpose and intent rather than the letter. Love and mercy constitute the spiritual fulfillment of the Law.

Hebrews: Its Background (Part Six)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

The book of Hebrews' audience consisted of converts from Judaism, suffering estrangement from family and community, excommunicated from the temple.

The Covenants, Grace, and Law (Part Twenty-Nine)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

A summary of the Covenants, Grace, and Law series, reiterating the differences in the Covenants and the respective places of grace and law in God's purpose.

Hebrews (Part One): The Stage Is Set

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

Early converts from Judaism claimed to accept the Law but had difficulty accepting the Lawgiver. Today, many claim to accept Christ, but will not accept His Law.

Hebrews: Its Background (Part Ten)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Parts of God's law are not presently required, yet not 'done away." Paul took a vow that required animal sacrifice. Ezekiel 34-48 shows the sacrificial law observed.

Hebrews: Its Background (Part Seven)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

The socio-cultural milieu before the writing of Hebrews created difficulties for the Jewish converts to the Gospel, who were deemed to be traitors.

Forms vs. Spirituality (Part 6)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Christ emphasizes that the internal, weightier matters, which change the heart, take precedence over external ceremonial concerns that don't change the heart.

Forms vs. Spirituality (Part 1)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Love, justice, mercy, and fidelity (the weightier matters of the law) God desires more than meticulous, mechanical religiosity.

Abraham (Part Eight)

Sermon/Bible Study by John W. Ritenbaugh

If we surrender to God, allowing Him to shape character in us, He will enable us to live in hope, giving us direct access to Him, giving us a more abundant life.

Choosing the New Man (Part Two)

Article by Charles Whitaker

The spiritual new man is one who is reconciled to God and has chosen to collaborate with Him in creating a totally new mind—one just like Christ's!

Paul's Letter to Titus (Part 1)

Sermon by Martin G. Collins

Paul encourages Titus to seek out teachers who have an ardent love of the truth, and warns him about false teachers who deceive the congregation.

Forms vs. Spirituality (Part 5)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

The Acts 15 decision did not do away with God's law, but solved the question of circumcision and the misconception that it was a recipe for salvation.

Hebrews: Its Background (Part Eight)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

Hebrews emphasizes that spiritual growth and glorification depends on an individual's relationship with Christ, the centerpiece of the Book of Hebrews.

Acts (Part Fifteen)

Sermon/Bible Study by John W. Ritenbaugh

Acts 15 focuses upon the Council of Jerusalem, discussing the controversial subject of circumcision and its relationship to salvation.

What Does God Really Want? (Part 2)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

If we want to be like our Savior, then we will live the way He lived, keeping God's commandments — which exemplify the highest form of love.