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The Great White Throne
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Richard T. RitenbaughThe Great White Throne Judgment, pictured by the Last Great Day, is not the condemnation and eternal torment that Protestants and Catholics imagine, but a positive time when the billions who never had a chance are raised to physical life and given an opportunity for salvation. Revelation 20:4-5 supplies the time element, placing the second resurrection after the Millennium and Satan's failed rebellion, and Ezekiel 37 shows these people living again with flesh and breath. During that life they will learn from the opened books of the Bible and be judged according to their works, just as the Church is judged now. The three words of John's description, "great white throne," each point to the character of the Judge. It is great because of the One who sits on it, a God who shows no partiality and takes no bribe (Deuteronomy 10). It is white because white in Scripture represents purity and righteousness (Psalm 51:7; Revelation 19). It is a throne because the seated ruler's pronouncement is final and authoritative. Together these indicate a perfectly just and merciful decision, so those who come before it should be awed but need not dread. Judgment and the river of life both proceed from this throne, showing God's severity and goodness in balance. Because His desire is that none perish (II Peter 3:9), the Church already stands under judgment before that throne, with Christ as Advocate (Hebrews 4:14-16), and may come boldly to obtain mercy.
Basic Doctrines: Eternal Judgment
Bible Study by Earl L. HennThe Great White Throne Judgment is a significant event in the process of eternal judgment, where God, the great Judge of all the universe, evaluates humanity. This judgment occurs during a hundred-year period following the Millennium, specifically for those resurrected to physical life in the second resurrection. These individuals, who never had an opportunity to learn God's way, will live in a peaceful, prosperous world free from demonic influence and will be granted a hundred years to learn and accept His way. At the Great White Throne Judgment, they will be judged by the same standard as everyone else—the Word of God, as written in the books. Additionally, a third resurrection will follow for the incorrigibly wicked, those unwilling to live by God's laws and refusing to repent. During this judgment, they will be cast into the Lake of Fire, completely burned up, with no possibility of resurrection, having rejected God's offer of salvation and eternal life.
The Process of Righteous Judgment
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Martin G. CollinsThe Great White Throne Judgment represents a profound period of divine evaluation following the Millennium, as depicted in Revelation 20. During this time, free access to God will be open to all mankind for the first time in history. This judgment involves a massive second resurrection to physical life, encompassing both Israel and the Gentiles who lived and died over mankind's first six millennia, potentially numbering as many as 50 billion people. God desires the salvation of the whole world if possible, and thus, opportunities extended to Israel will also be offered to Gentiles during this period. This judgment, pictured by the Last Great Day, is not a time of sentencing but of evaluation, requiring a significant duration, suggested by Isaiah 65 to span a 100-year lifespan in a post-millennial setting of peace and prosperity. Christ, as the great Judge, will oversee this period, continuing the conditions of righteousness that prevailed during the Millennium. God's Word indicates this 100-year span as the specific time for the Great White Throne Judgment, following the Millennium, just as the eighth day festival follows the seven-day Feast of Tabernacles. During this 100-year period, most of humanity will live God's way of life without the influence of satan, who will no longer be present to deceive or mislead. The firstfruits of God's Family, having gained 1,000 years of experience with God's power, will be qualified to assist God the Father and Jesus Christ in the momentous decisions of this last judgment. This period underscores God's mercy, as even sinners living under Christ's rule for 100 years will face judgment, highlighting a deliberate evaluation based on love for the participants' benefit at appointed times. Following this judgment, a purging of the earth will occur, marking an end to human procreation and existence, while the spiritual bodies of the saved will be everlasting.
Assessment Now, Judgment Later!
Sermonette by Martin G. CollinsGod commands us to set our minds on things above and not on the earthly, seeking the eternal Kingdom of God rather than perishable treasures of this world.
Judgment Is a Merciful Blessing
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Martin G. CollinsThe world as a whole will not receive its final judgment from God until the Great White Throne Judgment. Christ judges the people now resurrected who lived during the first six thousand years of human history on earth. This is the Great White Throne Judgment. This period in God's master plan is pictured in the observance of the Eighth Day. Jesus Christ will be the great Judge seated upon this great white throne. The Great White Throne Judgment will be a time unprecedented in human history. At no time before or after will so many be resurrected and judged in such a short period of time. There may be as many as sixty billion people resurrected. Christ will by divine authorization raise from the dead these innumerable billions to a vibrant physical existence. A length of time like this is mentioned in Isaiah where a one hundred year lifespan lends itself to the Great White Throne Judgment period. The context of the one hundred year period does paint a setting identical to that of the one thousand year period of times which seems to indicate that the one hundred year period follows closely to the Millennium. The books mentioned are the books of God's Word the Holy Bible. People will be judged using the inspired written Word of God the Holy Bible the Old and New Testaments. The names of the faithful those being mercifully judged during the Great White Throne Judgment will be recorded and preserved in the Book of Life. Since Christ will be the great Judge then and since the same Christ will have ruled and judged for one thousand years previous to this period it is no surprise that the White Throne setting will be a continuation of the conditions to prevail during the Millennium. It will be a millennial setting during the Great White Throne period as well. Whether this one hundred year lifespan is the time segment for the Great White Throne Judgment it is sure that this special judgment does follow the Millennium just as the Eighth Day festival follows the seven day Feast of Tabernacles. The existence of this annual feast day indicates a separate and distinct period for judging billions of human beings. There must be a judgment time period to account for the possibility that a sinner could live for one hundred years under Christ's rule. The judgment requires a judge it requires laws a group ruled by laws time to be judged a verdict and execution of the verdict. God's judgment is not knee jerk impulse but deliberate evaluation based on truth and love for the participant's benefit. We can certainly see the profound mercy of God in using this method. The judgment is a necessary blessing. It is something necessary and it is something that is merciful for either the one who gets a positive judgment or a negative judgment in the case of Jesus Christ being the Judge. God the Judge is on His great White Throne which symbolizes His righteousness purity and sovereign rule. Whoever a man or a woman stands before is the standard or test or source of judgment for his life. Everyone is responsible for his own actions and judged accordingly. God judges each person righteously by His immutable law according to the person's conduct. The future judgment at the Great White Throne will only be a confirmation of a person's belief or unbelief in God the Father and His Son Jesus Christ as shown by his subsequent good and bad works. The White Throne Judgment is the final judgment with eternal consequences. The world is not being judged the final judgment yet. They will be given enough time to live a life of overcoming and repentance in the life of humble submission and faithful determination. On the other hand those who will not repent of sin who will not submit to God and His way will be cast into the Lake of Fire and die the second death which is the merciful final death. God judges righteously and mercifully. Even death can be a judgment of mercy. In the case of sinners death can be seen as a judgment of mercy a judgment that prevents heightened and cont
Why the Last Great Day?
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Richard T. RitenbaughThe Great White Throne Judgment covers a one hundred year period during which all people have an opportunity to live under the guidance and direction of God's Spirit. This period follows the final binding of Satan. A great white throne appears with God seated upon it. The dead small and great stand before God. Books are opened including the Book of Life. The dead who are now living are judged according to their works as written in the books. The sea gives up the dead in it and Death and Hades deliver up the dead in them. Each one is judged according to works. All generations of mankind receive this opportunity not only those alive at the time. The earth supports the vast numbers through productive land and abundant food supplies prepared beforehand. Each of the 144,000 firstfruits shepherds approximately 416,000 people. Educational programs teach God's way to those raised from varied backgrounds. Baptisms number in the hundreds of thousands each day. A great multitude which no one could number from all nations tribes peoples and tongues stands before the throne and the Lamb clothed in white robes with palm branches in their hands. They serve God day and night in His temple. The Lamb shepherds them and leads them to living fountains of waters. God wipes away every tear from their eyes. This period adds billions to God's family in one grand conclusion.
Judgment According to Works
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Richard T. RitenbaughThe Great White Throne Judgment, pictured by the Last Great Day, raises from the dead all those never called to salvation, grants them a lifetime or reasonably long period in near-perfect conditions, and subjects them to judgment according to their works, as described in Revelation 20:11-13. The dead, small and great, stand before God while books are opened, including the Book of Life, and each person is evaluated by the things written therein. This standard of judgment matches exactly the one applied to the called at the present time and throughout history. Works consist of deeds, actions, doings, practices, products, and endeavors that range across a spectrum from evil to excellent, revealing a person's overall manner of life rather than isolated incidents. God has always rendered judgment this way, whether to the Canaanites whose iniquity reached full measure, to political intriguers such as Sanballat and Tobiah, or to any individual whose ways are weighed. In every case He considers the fruit produced over time, weighs good against bad in proper proportion, accounts for ignorance where relevant, and allows opportunity for repentance and growth. The same principle will operate during the Great White Throne period, when the knowledge of the Lord fills the earth and people are given ample time to demonstrate their trajectory toward or away from His image. Those whose works prove righteous receive life; those whose works prove persistently evil receive the lake of fire. Thus the judgment executed then forms one continuous expression of God's unchanging method of evaluating every human being by merit alone.
Death Is Not the End (Part Six)
CGG Weekly by Richard T. RitenbaughThe Great White Throne Judgment is the period when tens of billions of people from every age and culture rise in the general resurrection as physical human beings and, for the first time, have a real opportunity for salvation. They will be taught God's true way of life, His mercy and grace, and will have God's Spirit available to them, much as the Tree of Life was available to Adam and Eve. Isaiah 65:20 suggests the period may last one hundred years, during which each person, whether he died as an infant or an aged reprobate, will prove worthy of eternal life or of condemnation in the Lake of Fire. Conditions will extend the peace and prosperity of the Millennium: no calamity, war, or swindling will wipe out a person's labor, Satan will already be in the Lake of Fire, and Christ and the firstfruits will live among the people. God will answer needs even before they are voiced, as He did for Eliezer in Genesis 24, so that people see Him working on their behalf. This gives believers consolation and hope about relatives who die uncalled, and about the billions who never heard Christ's name. God holds them in His hand, calls them at the most advantageous time, and finishes what He begins, so the vast majority will likely be saved. Psalm 68:20 and Psalm 74:12 show that He is the God of salvation, to whom death is no barrier. Those who rise will have new, healthy bodies, free of disease and handicaps, and will take their first steps toward salvation.
The Incomparable Great God!
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Martin G. CollinsGod exists in a transcendent category entirely His own, defined by four non-transmittable attributes: omnipotence, omnipresence, omniscience, and immutability.
The Small and Great Standing Before God
Sermonette by Martin G. CollinsThe greatest, according to Jesus Christ, can be determined by the one who serves the most with an attitude of humility, generosity, and other-centeredness.
Death Is Not the End (Part Five)
CGG Weekly by Richard T. RitenbaughThe doctrine of life after death, contemplated even by Job and Solomon, finds its fullest expression in the resurrection of all humanity, culminating in the period before God's throne described by the apostle John. This gathering is deliberately general, encompassing "the dead, small and great," without discrimination between good or bad, rich or poor, free or slave, or those who lived before or after Christ. This indicates that God raises to life every human being who has ever lived and who has not already been changed to spirit. This event, following the chronological sequence laid out in Revelation, occurs immediately after the Millennium of Christ's reign and after Satan's final rebellion is put down. It is distinguished from the first resurrection, which occurs at Christ's return and brings the converted to glory. This second resurrection is instead for the purpose of judgment, understood as a period of evaluation of each person's individual works, meaning their day-to-day manner of life. Some assume this resurrection includes only the impenitent dead destined for the Lake of Fire, but this is a general resurrection of unsaved mankind, and only those not found written in the Book of Life ultimately suffer the second death. God's desire is not to condemn but to bring all to repentance, judging them as His own church is being judged now, for the purpose of granting salvation to those who accept His calling. Though it is currently the church's day of salvation, for this vast resurrected population, it will be their very first opportunity to accept God's invitation to eternal life. The scale of this resurrection is staggering, potentially involving upwards of 50 billion people spanning every age, ethnicity, religion, language, and culture since Adam. These individuals will awaken not to heaven, but to a paradise restored on earth, fulfilling the promise that the meek shall inherit the earth. The undertaking to feed, clothe, house, and teach such a vast and diverse population represents an immense effort requiring extraordinary organization and leadership. This future event is foreshadowed in the Old Testament through Ezekiel's vision of the Valley of Dry Bones, which focuses specifically on the resurrection of the millions of Israelites who have died throughout history. Though the bones were long dead and dry, God demonstrates that nothing is impossible for Him, restoring breath, flesh, sinews, and skin to bring them back to physical life on earth—not to an ethereal, heavenly existence. Through this restoration, they will recognize that their previous conceptions of the afterlife were mistaken and that the God of Israel is the one true God.
The Third Resurrection: What Is Its Value?
'Ready Answer' by StaffThe Great White Throne Judgment is the second resurrection, which occurs at the end of the Millennium (Revelation 20:5, 11-12). Ezekiel 37:1-14 describes it as a physical resurrection of all who lived through the ages without a full opportunity at salvation, and the dead are judged according to their works. Out of it comes the final, or third, resurrection of those who reject God and will not repent. The sea, Death, and Hades give up their dead, who are judged by their works. Anyone not found in the Book of Life is cast into the Lake of Fire, the second death (Revelation 20:13-15). The Lake of Fire is called the second death because it is permanent: no hope of another resurrection remains. For a few it may in fact be a third physical death. Those who enter it cannot cross the great gulf into immortality (Luke 16:26). God does not do this out of hateful vengeance or to torture; the wicked will be burned and forgotten, not tormented forever. The judgment serves fairness, since all must answer for their lives (Romans 14:10; II Corinthians 5:10). It would be unfair to let the incorrigible escape accountability by suicide or natural death when others struggled to overcome. It also serves as a deterrent, and the lives of the incorrigible become examples to avoid.
Basic Doctrines: The Second Resurrection
Bible Study by Martin G. CollinsThe Great White Throne Judgment is the second resurrection, in which the uncalled, the rest of the dead who never understood God's way, are raised after the Millennium. The righteous rise at Christ's return, but these must wait in their graves until the thousand years are over. They are raised to physical life, not thrown into the Lake of Fire. For most of them it is not a second chance at salvation but their first real opportunity, since God never called them and they were deceived or blinded. Physical Israel, kept in a spirit of slumber so the Gentiles might be saved, rises here with the rest of humanity. Most of humanity stands before God to be judged. The books opened are the books of the Bible, which reveal true knowledge and understanding, and the Book of Life is opened so that names may be written in it as people repent of their sins, accept Christ as personal Savior, and receive the Holy Spirit. They are judged according to their works, by how they live once they know the truth. Most will be saved, but those who stubbornly rebel will condemn themselves to eternal death. God is merciful and not willing that any should perish, and He has determined that this judgment, held in the environment of His established Kingdom, is the best way to bring the most sons to glory and eternal life.
Be There!
Article by Mike FordMany of our friends and relatives will rise in the second resurrection, but what a shame it would be if we failed to be there to greet them!
Holy Days: The Eighth Day
Bible Study by Richard T. RitenbaughThe Last Great Day, the final festival in God's annual holy days, represents the Great White Throne Judgment period. This holy day follows the Feast of Tabernacles, continuing the conditions of the Millennium—God's government, peace, and prosperity. During this time, after the Millennium, God will raise up to physical life all those who have never had an opportunity for salvation. Christ will judge all who lived throughout human history yet have not been called, offering them the chance for eternal life. If they satisfy God's judgment, He will grant them eternal life and spiritual bodies. Additionally, those who will not repent of their rebellion against the Almighty will be raised to physical life and cast into the Lake of Fire for a merciful, permanent death. As the perfect Judge of all, Christ embodies greatness in all His attributes, and the vast number of people who will be mercifully judged and granted eternal life highlights the significance of this period. Furthermore, Christ's proclamation on the Last Great Day revealed that a time would come when all humanity would have free access to the living water of God's Holy Spirit, dispensed by Him as Judge of all. Following this judgment period, God will create a new heaven and a new earth, a pure world fit for God the Father Himself, where there shall be no more death, sorrow, crying, or pain, and all who have accepted God's way will live forever as glorified members of the God Family.
Each in His Own Order
Sermonette by Craig SablichScripture reveals that God's plan for humanity unfolds through an appointed order of resurrections, each serving a distinct purpose.
Jesus and the Feast (Part Three): Light of the World
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Richard T. RitenbaughMany scholars believe that John 7:53 to 8:11 was added because the style differs, but the verses are incredibly consistent with one another.
Eternal Responsibilities
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Martin G. CollinsWe each have an eternal responsibility to do the will of God, continually seeking Him. Those who do not choose God's way of life will be mercifully put to death.
The Final Harvest
'Personal' from John W. RitenbaughAre millions lost because they never heard the name of Christ? What about infants who died? Are the doors forever shut on those born into false religion?
Death: The End of the Beginning
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Richard T. RitenbaughLooking at death as 'gain,' Jesus Christ and Paul calmly looked upon death as a natural part of life, as a transition to a better life in the resurrection.
The Eighth Day
Sermonette by James BeaubelleThe seventh Millennium will be a time of rest, when the suffering we experience today will be gone, enabling preparation for the Great White Throne Judgment.
What Will Happen After Christ's 1,000-Year Rule?
Bible Questions & AnswersHebrews 2:6-8 says that God will ultimately put the whole universe—all things—under man's authority. What is happening now is only the beginning.
The Second Resurrection and Union With Christ
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Richard T. RitenbaughWe are going to have to find ways to make God's way appealing to people of alien cultures, gently bringing them to a tipping point.
Benefits of the Third Resurrection
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Richard T. RitenbaughThe Lake of Fire (Second Death or Third Resurrection), dreadful as it initially appears, produces both immediate as well as ultimate benefits or good.
Being There
Sermonette by Mike FordIn the second resurrection, billions of people who have never known God's plan will be given their first chance. We need to make sure we'll be there.
John 7:37 Examined (Part One)
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)The Eighth Day (or Last Great Day) is a separate festival from the Feast of Tabernacles, which can only derive its significance in the New Testament.
The Eighth Day (2019)
Sermonette by David C. GrabbeThe Eight Day (or Last Great Day) has little written about it, but the patterns of Scripture reveal much about the abundance of this holy day.
Ecclesiastes Resumed (Part Thirty-Four): Ecclesiastes 9:2-12
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Richard T. RitenbaughAlthough some try to make their lives easier by compromising, Solomon warns that all evil leads to death, and that doing evil in any circumstance is insane.
The Blind See
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Richard T. RitenbaughThe man born blind from birth depicts the hopeless spiritual blindness of most of the earth. Only Jesus can release the world from spiritual blindness.
God of the Living
Sermonette by Clyde FinkleaJesus proclaimed that God was not the God of the dead but the living, identifying Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who were physically dead and in their graves.
Standing Before God's Judgement
Sermonette by Martin G. CollinsWe must consider ourselves cooperating with a great cloud of witnesses, who had to jettison the weights that encumbered them, making them less vulnerable to sin.
The Fall Holy Days
Article by John ReissThe four autumnal holy days - Trumpets, Atonement, Tabernacles, and the Eighth Day - generally represent God's plan of salvation for humanity.
God of Our Salvation
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Richard T. RitenbaughThe Great White Throne Judgment is a general resurrection to mortal life, allowing the majority of those who have ever lived an opportunity for salvation.
Do You Recognize This Man? (Part Seven)
Sermon by Richard T. RitenbaughThe prevailing view is that at the end time, God will judge between the righteous and unrighteous, consigning each to heaven or hell, an idea from paganism.
Psalms: Book Four (Part Three)
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Richard T. RitenbaughPsalms 105 and 106 describe the Great White Throne period, expressing the yearning desire to be included in His Kingdom and declaring God's praises.
Acts (Part Twenty-Five)
Sermon/Bible Study by John W. RitenbaughHad Paul not appealed to Caesar, Agrippa (moved by Paul's testimony and convinced of his innocence) would have set him free. But God had other plans.
The End
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Richard T. RitenbaughNoah's flood was an end, the temple's destruction was an end, Christ's second coming will be an end, and the Last Great Day will be an end and a beginning.
The Challenge of Growth in the New Eden
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Charles Whitaker (1944-2021)Young people need to prepare themselves now, envisioning themselves as architects, civil engineers, transportation engineers, explorers, and teachers.
The Significance of the Eighth Day
'Ready Answer' by David C. GrabbeScripture says little about the Eighth Day, which closes the Feast of Tabernacles. That God calls it a 'sacred assembly' provides a clue to its purpose.
God's Will in the End Time
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Richard T. RitenbaughGod does not like to inflict punishment on people, but because of sin, He is obligated to correct. But as quickly as God punishes, God restores and heals.
A Millennium of Preparation
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Richard T. RitenbaughGod has been preparing His plan from before the foundation of the world, and life's complexity and symbiosis reveal a super-competent Designer and Planner.
An Abundance of Living Water
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Richard T. RitenbaughThe Last Great Day, the eighth day tacked onto the Feast of Tabernacles, is fulfilled in the Great White Throne Judgment of Revelation 20:11-15, which follows the Millennium and the final rebellion, after which the Devil and his demons are cast into the Lake of Fire. The dead, small and great, stand before God, books are opened, and the Book of Life is opened. This is no Protestant movie-screen verdict of thumbs up or thumbs down, with eternal torment or wafting to heaven. It is a period of another lifetime of living, learning, growing, overcoming, and repenting under new conditions that allow people to become part of God's Family. The missing dimension, God's Spirit, is added to their lives as living water, freely given as much as they need. Jesus' invitation on the last day, that great day of the feast, in John 7:37-39 points to this outpouring on millions and billions, not the trickle given now. Ezekiel 47's river, deepening until it cannot be crossed and healing the Dead Sea, pictures the Spirit's healing, life-giving work, and Habakkuk 2:14 shows the earth filled with God's knowledge. There is a negative side as well: those who refuse it are burned up in the Lake of Fire and become ashes. Yet the vast majority will likely drink from the river of living waters.
Fall Feast Lessons
Sermon by John W. RitenbaughThe world will learn that God judges—that He has the ultimate decision over everything. After Satan is bound, God will bring about seven reconcilements.
Kings and Priests
Sermonette by James BeaubelleThe Eighth Day is a dramatic, pivotal moment in God's divine plan of salvation, symbolizing new beginnings and the final phase of God's redemptive work.
God and Self-Government
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Richard T. RitenbaughThe New Covenant, wherein God writes His law on the heart and gives His Spirit, empowers God's people to obey without the need for external control.
The Teaching of Jesus and Prophecy
Sermon by Richard T. RitenbaughThe teaching of Jesus is the key to Revelation. The Olivet Prophecy (the testimony of Jesus) in Matthew 24 unlocks the meaning of the seals in Revelation.
Jesus and 'the Spirits in Prison'
'Ready Answer' by Richard T. RitenbaughPeter's statement that Jesus 'preached to the spirits in prison' has baffled many a Bible student. The traditional interpretation is woefully off-base.
The Sabbath: Rest
Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Richard T. RitenbaughThe Sabbath is an antidote to the weariness we experience. It recalls God's pausing after completing His physical creation, focusing on the spiritual creation.