Jesus Christ, the Son of God, Messiah, and Anointed One, holds the offices of Prophet, Priest, and King. As High Priest, He provided purification for sins through His sinless sacrifice, bearing humanity's iniquities during His crucifixion. His divine nature is affirmed in Scripture, being one with the Father, and He rules eternally from His throne. Jesus' life, death, and resurrection fulfill God's plan for salvation, opening the door to eternal life. Despite varied opinions and rejection by some, His authority, miracles, and teachings astonished many. His voluntary arrest and sacrifice demonstrate His power and grace, ensuring salvation for mankind as the ultimate link to God's Kingdom.

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Hebrews (Part Nine): Chapter 1: Jesus' Exultation and Christianity's Claims

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

Jesus Christ is identified as the Son of God, the Anointed One, and the Messiah in Psalm 2. He is the only begotten Son of God, as stated in John 1:17, and was declared as such by God the Father at His birth to the virgin Mary. Jesus Christ held the office of High Priest, a position He was qualified for because He was already God at the time of the prophecy's utterance and during His conception in Mary's womb. His ministry, death, and resurrection fulfilled the need for a sinless sacrifice, both human and divine, to pay for our sins. Jesus Christ also holds the threefold offices of Prophet, Priest, and King simultaneously. As Prophet, God spoke through Him, as mentioned in Hebrews 1:2. As High Priest, He provided purification for sins, as noted in Hebrews 1:3. As King, He rules from His throne in the Kingdom, with His authority assured for eternity, as described from Hebrews 1:6 through the end of the chapter. He was appointed to these offices because He loves righteousness and hates lawlessness, as stated in Hebrews 1:9. Jesus Christ's divine nature is affirmed in Hebrews 1:8 and John 1:1-2, where He is addressed as God. He is the perfect image of the Father in character and purpose, though they are different personalities. His Kingdom already exists in a spiritual sense, as those converted share the same Spirit as the Father and Son, and He is already anointed and on its throne as King, as revealed in Hebrews 1:8-9 and Philippians 3:20. Jesus Christ's role in God's plan includes being exalted to the right side of the Father in heaven after rising from the dead, as part of Their plan to complete making mankind in Their image. His sacrifice made an atonement for sin, opening the door to God's offer of salvation, as stated in Hebrews 1:3. He is worthy of worship, as even the angels and wise men worshipped Him at His birth, affirming His divinity from the womb, as mentioned in Hebrews 1 and the account of His birth. Jesus Christ's return will bring significant changes to earth and heaven, as prophesied in Hebrews 1:10-12 and the Gospels, emphasizing the importance of Christianity's claim on mankind's attention for safety and salvation. His unchanging nature, as noted in Hebrews 13:8 and Malachi 3:6, provides a stable foundation amidst earthly changes. In God's purpose, mankind holds a significant position, as evidenced by angels serving humans, as stated in Hebrews 1:14. This reflects the high value God places on mankind, created in His image, with a plan for salvation that includes a Savior-Redeemer and the gift of His Spirit, as part of His overarching plan for the expansion of His Family Kingdom.

Jesus Christ: First Savior, Second High Priest, Third King

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ is vitally needed for the salvation of those converted, especially those converted from Judaism in the immediate decades following His resurrection. His role remains crucial for our salvation today, as Hebrews teaches us how much we need to relate to our High Priest. Without Jesus Christ, we can do nothing spiritually, as He stated in John 15:5. If we produce no fruit that pleases and glorifies God, we will not be in His Kingdom, highlighting our absolute need for Christ. The epistle to the Hebrews was written to show the church members' need for Jesus Christ. It emphasizes the superiority of Jesus Christ as the church's High Priest, the superiority of the New Covenant over the Old Covenant, and the superiority of Christianity over any other religion, including Judaism. Jesus Christ is described as the church's Commander in Chief, and disciples must use their faith to follow Him. The epistle to the Hebrews presents every way of life and personality as inferior when compared to the Son of God. The term "better" becomes a dominant theme throughout the epistle, as Christ is always better than any other figure or system. In the opening paragraph of Hebrews, the author emphasizes that God has spoken to us through the Son. The Son is the ultimate source and channel from which all blessings of the knowledge of God flow. The message given by prophets or other means was fragmentary, but the Son is different because He is already one with the Father. When the Son speaks, it is as though the Father is speaking, and vice versa, emphasizing their unity.

Jesus Christ, the Bearer of Sin

Sermonette by David C. Grabbe

Jesus Christ's role in bearing our sins is central to understanding the Scriptures. The Scriptures testify of Him, and as we study, we see how symbols like the azazel in Leviticus 16 point to Him. The azazel bore the sins of the people, and similarly, the Messiah bore our iniquities as prophesied in Isaiah 53. The Lord laid our iniquities on the Messiah, who was stricken, smitten by God, afflicted, wounded, bruised, chastised, and received the stripes of scourging. Christ's bearing of sin was not abstract but had a real-life application. He bore our sins in His own body on the tree during His crucifixion, experiencing the shame, reproach, anguish, piercing, crushing, bruising, smiting, and grief of sin. This bearing took place over hours of extreme suffering. Christ's sacrifice fulfilled the Day of Atonement ritual, where He became sin and a curse for us. Unlike other sin offerings killed at the tabernacle, Christ's sacrifice occurred outside the gate, across the Kidron Valley from the Temple, on a slope of the Mount of Olives. He was led away, alive for hours while bearing our sins, fulfilling the role of the azazel. Through His stripes, Christ provides healing, both physical and spiritual. The spiritual healing is infinitely more important, leading to eternal life. Christ's bearing of our iniquities allowed for our spiritual healing, turning us to the Shepherd. Accepting Christ's sacrifice requires acknowledging the reality of what the Son of God endured. He became sin and a curse, bearing all the chastening we deserved, so that we can have life with Him.

The Last Words of Jesus Christ

Sermon by Martin G. Collins

Jesus Christ once took a poll among His followers, asking, "Who do men say that I, the Son of Man, am?" Some believed He was John the Baptist returned from the dead, others thought He was a second Elijah, Jeremiah, or one of the ancient prophets. Peter, one of His students, declared, "You are the Christ, the Son of the living God," though he did not fully grasp Jesus' true mission. Many of Jesus' disciples viewed Him as a human Messiah, a descendant of David meant to lead the Jewish nation to independence and glory, and His unexpected death shocked and disappointed them. Public opinion about Jesus was divided; some thought He was less than sane, saying, "He has a demon and is mad. Why listen to Him?" Even those who grew up with Him were concerned, stating, "He is out of His mind." Yet, Jesus drew large crowds of common people, intrigued by His teaching, which led jealous religious leaders to complain, "Look, the world has gone after Him!" Pontius Pilate, a Roman official, was puzzled by Jesus when the Jews accused Him of claiming to be the Son of God, asking, "Where are You from?" Jesus' own disciples questioned, "Who can this be?" despite His miracles and teachings. The people were astonished at His teaching, for He taught with authority, unlike the scribes. The educated elite were shocked at His depth of learning and wisdom, though He was not seen as an intellectual, political leader, or established scholar. The religious leaders mocked Him, saying, "We do not know where He is from," unaware of His true identity or purpose. Despite their confusion, the Jews and their leaders should have recognized Jesus, as He came just as the ancient scriptures described.

Jesus Christ Is Our Hope

Sermonette by Ted E. Bowling

Rahab considered the red cord a symbol of her faith and hope that she and her family would be rescued from destruction. Her faith was not wasted but rewarded.

Jesus Christ's Trial (Part One)

Sermon by Martin G. Collins

Jesus Christ, in the account of His arrest in the Garden of Gethsemane, demonstrated complete control over the situation from beginning to end. He delayed in the Garden as the arresting party approached, went forth to meet them, and surrendered Himself voluntarily. Even at the moment of arrest, He showed power over the soldiers, grace towards His disciples, and mercy to His enemies. As the light of the world, He stood in stark contrast to those who came in darkness with lanterns and torches to seize Him, revealing their foolishness in opposing the One who embodies true light. When the soldiers arrived, Jesus initiated the arrest by asking whom they sought. Despite the darkness or a possible supernatural blindness, they did not recognize Him and answered, "Jesus of Nazareth." He responded with the powerful declaration, "I am," causing the arresting party to draw back and fall to the ground, only rising when He repeated the question. This reaction underscores the divine authority in His words, echoing the Great Name of God, Yahweh, and rendering His captors helpless before Him. The paradox of His incarnation is evident in this moment of arrest, blending human weakness with divine glory. His birth in a manger contrasts with angelic announcements; His baptism identifies Him with sinners, yet a heavenly voice declares Him God's beloved Son; He sleeps in a storm-tossed boat, then calms the waves with authority; He weeps at Lazarus' grave, then raises the dead with a word. In the Garden, He prays in agony, yet overpowers His enemies with His presence, showing that He is both man and God manifested in flesh. Jesus' actions during His arrest reveal three key purposes. First, He demonstrated that He is more than man, being God as well, necessary for His death to serve as a ransom for sin. Second, His display of power shows His death was voluntary, not coerced; no amount of troops or weapons could have forced Him if He had been unwilling. Third, He made it clear to His captors that they were without excuse, having witnessed His supernatural nature and divine glory, yet choosing to proceed against Him. Additionally, Jesus showed grace by commanding the soldiers to let His disciples go free, fulfilling His earlier prophecies and extending His protective care over them. This act reflects a broader preserving grace by which He safeguards all whom the Father has given Him. Even towards His enemies, He exhibited mercy at the moment of arrest, accepting the cup of God's wrath to enable others to drink from the cup of salvation. The trial of Jesus Christ stands as an extraordinary event, unparalleled in its impact and implications. His arrest occurred late at night on Passover, led by a mob guided by Judas and the chief priests. The Jewish trial unfolded in stages, beginning with a preliminary hearing before Annas, where Jesus refused to testify against Himself, adhering to Jewish law, and was unjustly struck by a court officer. Sent to Caiaphas, false witnesses failed to provide consistent testimony, yet Caiaphas cleverly combined charges under oath, leading Jesus to affirm His divine Messiahship, resulting in a conviction for blasphemy and a death sentence. Despite numerous illegalities, the trial exposed the true claims of Jesus—that He is God, that He would rise after three days, and that He would return in judgment. His condemnation under the most meticulous judicial system known to man highlights not a flaw in the law, but the deceitful hearts of those who manipulated it to destroy the innocent. Jesus, the righteous One, was condemned for the guilty, opening a way for forgiveness through His sacrifice.

Why Hebrews Was Written (Part Ten): Christianity's Claims

'Personal' from John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ, having become so much better than the angels, has by inheritance obtained a more excellent name than they. He is named the Son of the Highest, and as God, He holds a unique identity as the only begotten Son. Though the title of Son was declared long before His human birth, God the Father assigned it when Jesus was born of the virgin Mary, marking the start of His 33½-year human life and ministry. At the moment of His birth, God exalted Him to become the New Covenant's High Priest, a role He was already performing during His ministry. As God, He did not need to qualify for what He already was, though He completed His course through death and resurrection. Hebrews 1 describes Him as the One through whom God spoke prophetically, the High Priest who provided purification for sins, and the King ruling from His throne in His Kingdom. God places Him in this office, anointing Him with the oil of gladness above His companions because He loved righteousness and hated lawlessness, demonstrated by His sinless life. Without Him, salvation would be impossible, as He is the literal link between humanity and sharing eternity with God in His Family. His qualifications as Prophet, Priest, and King underscore His leadership, under which great things will be accomplished, and those under Him will share the rewards of His achievements. Jesus of Nazareth, by virtue of being divine and humankind's Creator, holds a claim on humanity's attention and loyalty. God sent Him to speak of His purpose, an honor for mankind, and the miracles He performed—quieting winds, calming seas, healing from a distance—witness to His divine nature. He witnessed to the world of the Father and God's purpose, displaying brilliance in His demeanor, making God known to mankind. His life and message provide light and warmth, as He is the way, the truth, and the life. He atoned for sin by Himself, opening the door to God's offer of salvation. Exalted to sit at the Father's right side in heaven, He rose from the dead by the Father's power to work on Their plan for humanity. It is right to worship Him, as angels and wise men did at His birth, recognizing Him as God even as a newborn. The Scriptures address Him as God, identical in character and purpose with the Father, without division or competition. His Kingdom already exists spiritually through those converted, who bear the Father and Son's image, though it is not yet established on earth. As terrifying events are prophesied before His return, safety is found at His side. He remains unchanged, the same yesterday, today, and forever, offering security as the world's systems disintegrate. God has assigned angels to serve His children, highlighting their importance to Him. Jesus, as Savior and Redeemer, has paid for humanity's failures, and through His work, God provides the structures and relationships to prepare for life in His Kingdom.

Jesus Was a Carpenter

CGG Weekly by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ, known to the people of Nazareth as a carpenter, the Son of Mary, and brother to James, Joses, Judas, and Simon, perplexed them when He returned teaching in the synagogue and gaining fame for healing the sick and casting out demons. They struggled to see Him as more than a local craftsman, offended by their inability to reconcile their long-held view with His ministry. Jesus Himself noted this common reaction, stating that a prophet is not without honor except in His own country, among His own relatives, and in His own house, which limited their faith and hindered His work there. Beyond the stereotype of a carpenter, Jesus worked with His hands, likely running the family business after Joseph's death, crafting items from raw materials into finished products, possibly working with both wood and stone as the Greek term "tekton" suggests a broader role as a builder or craftsman. This vocation, chosen by the Father, prepared Him for His greater work. As Creator, He has always built, making all things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, as affirmed by the apostles John and Paul. Even as a Man on earth, He continued creating, building structures and useful items. Now, as the glorified High Priest at the Father's right hand, having redeemed believers by His shed blood, Jesus remains the Creator, ceaselessly building something greater. He constructs an indestructible church, described as a holy temple and a dwelling place for God, using the raw materials of those called by the Father, fitting them together on the foundation of the apostles and prophets with Himself as the chief cornerstone. He declared that on this rock He will build His church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it. With His expertise as a carpenter and His vast knowledge of creation, Jesus continues this construction, offering hope in dark times, ensuring that the job will be finished to perfection for God's glory.

Hebrews (Part Three): Who Was Jesus? (cont.)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

Jesus Christ, with His life and sacrifice, serves as the means of making peace between us and God, thus enabling a profound relationship with Them. During His time on earth, He took on humanity for the multitude of purposes for which humanity was created, inspiring appreciative wonderment for Him who became human for our eternal behalf. Humanity faces death, and it was within God's purposes for Him to die as our Savior, fulfilling the wages of sin despite never committing a sin in His life. Jesus drew specific attention to His death, emphasizing its significance, as without Him unlocking the way, people cannot live beyond their natural death. He is the most incredible person, having always been alive except for that one time of death, and now lives again forever. The evidence of His teachings and acts has been attested to by men and women of excellent character in far greater numbers than any other ancient figure. Jesus is absolutely unique among all who ever lived, other than the Father, especially as a human. He is the Promised Seed of the Genesis 3:15 prophecy, the Messiah born of Joseph and Mary of Nazareth, and through His ministry within God's purpose, became our Savior, our Teacher, our elder Brother, the Head of the church, and King to whom all authority in heaven and earth has been given. Jesus is also revealed metaphorically as The Word, in a divine relationship with God, referred to as the Father. The apostle John, in his gospel, establishes Jesus as the Living Word of God, unoriginated in His relationship with the Father, standing alone in this divine connection. John emphasizes Jesus' uniqueness by using the term "only begotten" to describe Him, intensifying the sense of endearment and highlighting that there is nobody like Him besides the Father. Jesus shares the character of the One who sent Him, distinct and separately different from all other usages of the terms "son of God" or "sons of God" in Scripture. Generated from above by God, not through earthly human means, Jesus stands absolutely unique above all who have ever been born. His relationship with the Father is not originated in the same way as human relationships, underlining the unity and shared character between Them, even as separate personalities. The Bible identifies Jesus as the Word, the creative energy of the universe, present in the beginning with God, through whom all things were made and given life. There has never been a time when Jesus and the Father existed apart from each other, further evidencing His unoriginated nature. Jesus upholds all things by the word of His power, preserving and sustaining the creation He brought into being, indicating the immense power residing in Him to keep everything functioning as created. Our very lives depend upon Him, as He manages the universe which is not self-generated. His spiritual light, emanating from His words and conduct, is distinctive, true, and helpful above all others, enabling comprehension of life's purpose when believed and accepted. Despite this, many rejected Him, remaining in spiritual darkness, though some accepted His message, beginning a transformation through faith in Him and receiving a wondrous spiritual gift from the Father and the Son to pursue His teachings more deeply.

Jesus Is God

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ stands at the heart of a profound question about the authenticity of the Bible and His own identity. If He is not who He claims to be, as the Word of God personified and as the written word proclaims, then He was merely a cunning deceiver who orchestrated a lie sustained for nearly two thousand years, leaving us without a Savior. He declared that He was the God of the Old Testament, a claim recorded in the Bible and challenged even before His birth, during His life in the first century, and after His resurrection through movements like Gnosticism. The apostles taught that He was God in the flesh, born of the virgin Mary in Bethlehem, and raised in Nazareth, leading to conversions and baptisms into the church. Yet, Gnostic thought denied that He could be God, asserting that spirit and flesh cannot coexist in one being due to the impurity of flesh. Jesus Himself spoke of His origin, stating in John 3:13 that no one has ascended to heaven except He who came down from heaven, indicating that before His time on earth, He was in heaven, and after, He returned there. This uniqueness sets Him apart, as no other person has done so. He claimed to have come down from heaven multiple times, giving His words an unmatched authority that even surpasses that of Moses, who could only relay what he received from God. Jesus asserted that the words He spoke were His own, carrying the same authority as the Old Testament, and that He provides the spiritual nourishment for eternal life, which Moses could not. Further, scriptures affirm His divine origin and preeminence. In John 1:18, it is suggested that no one has fully seen or comprehended God except through Him, and that He, as the Son, reveals the Father, who has never been seen by man. He is described as inhabiting eternity, uncreated, existing before all things, as stated in Isaiah 57 and John 1:1-3, where it is clear that all things were made by Him. He became flesh, dwelling among us, yet was God before His creation, as John 1:14 confirms. His preeminence is reiterated in Colossians, where He is portrayed as possessing divinity bodily, being over all creation, and existing before anything was made, thus confirming His uncreated nature. Jesus also claimed direct, personal contact with Abraham, asserting His timeless existence by using the name given to Moses at the burning bush, declaring Himself as God. This bold statement led to accusations of blasphemy from the Jews, who could not fathom His claim of inhabiting eternity. He emptied Himself of divine privileges to become mortal, subject to death, yet remained God, as seen in Genesis 1:1-3 and John 1:1-3, where He is the one who spoke creation into being and formed Adam and Eve from the dust. In Revelation 3:14, Jesus confirms His eternal existence with the Father, reinforcing His divinity. The Living Word and the written word both affirm that our Savior is uncreated God, a truth that stands against attempts to undermine faith by casting doubt on His divine nature.

Christ's Revelation of the Father

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ is often the most misunderstood person who has ever walked this earth, frequently deliberately so. People hear or read His words and, due to their own willfulness, twist them to fit their preconceptions. Throughout His ministry, as seen in the gospels, His audience consistently misunderstood His message, a pattern that began early in His life. Even His parents did not comprehend His meaning when He first spoke recorded words, setting a precedent for His entire ministry where people jumped to wrong conclusions based on their traditions and prior learning. From a young age, Jesus was acutely aware that He was not Joseph's natural son, knowing His true Father was God in heaven. He understood that His Father had a purpose and a work to be done, and He was eager to fulfill it, showing readiness even at twelve years old to engage in His Father's business. His mission included revealing the existence of His Father, a major task during His time on earth. He spoke often of His relationship with His Father, which frequently led to misunderstandings among the Jews, who sometimes thought He referred to Joseph or deemed His words blasphemous, prompting anger and attempts to stone Him. Jesus came to reveal His Father, explaining who was upholding the universe while He was on earth in human form. His words and actions throughout His ministry were aimed at providing a foundational understanding of His Father's character. He was the literal Son of His Father, a perfect representation, so much so that seeing Him was akin to seeing the Father. Their intimate relationship was constant, with the Father deeply involved in Jesus' upbringing and ministry, guiding Him through direct communication from the beginning. The close fellowship between Jesus and His Father was evident in Their unity, where They were always in each other's presence, acting in complete accord. This intimacy was a source of comfort to Jesus amidst hostility, and its temporary loss on the cross, when He bore the sins of the world, was profoundly sorrowful for Him. Yet, He completed His Father's business, even in that state of separation, culminating in His sacrifice. Jesus' role was not merely to introduce His Father but to expound and explain Him extensively through teachings and actions. Everything He said and did reflected His Father, offering insight so that others could come to know Him. Contemplating Jesus—His words, deeds, and worship—leads to understanding and intimacy with the Father, fostering spiritual growth and the ultimate goal of living in fellowship with both, mirroring the relationship They share.

Hebrews (Part Five): Who Was Jesus?

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

Jesus Christ stands as the centerpiece of the epistle to the Hebrews, embodying unparalleled importance to the entire creation and to our spiritual growth and salvation. Other than the Father, no one compares to Him in leadership within the administration of this creation. He is essential to our connection to eternity and all its glories, and without a vital connection to Him, we can achieve nothing in terms of God's creative spiritual purpose in our lives. He described Himself as the vine to which we are connected, emphasizing that without Him, we cannot produce anything of spiritual value. With His arrival on earth, a new time period and age began, marking a significant shift as announced by God at the start of Hebrews. A major purpose of this epistle is to confirm His qualifications as High Priest, a role critical to our salvation and unique in its detailed presentation within the New Testament. His qualifications are introduced with awe-inspiring wonderment, highlighting His offices and accomplishments, and are presented with thunderous impact in the opening verses of Hebrews. He is named as a highly qualified Mediator, fulfilling roles assigned in heaven, revealed in the Old Testament, and continuing to this day. Among His titles is "captain of our salvation," translated from the Greek term Archegos, meaning chief leader or pioneer, one who inspires others to deeds of valor. He leads us to salvation through obedience to the Father, suffering in His office to achieve God's glory, and exemplifying the way of glory into God's Kingdom. His specific qualifications include being the only begotten Son of God, unique among all who have ever lived, and never abandoning His divine nature even while taking on humanity. He is appointed Heir of all things, signifying the highest rank and assuring continuance in office and administration. He is the Creator of all things, giving life to all living beings except the Father, and His creation reflects His thoughtful, caring, and orderly intelligence, made with mankind in mind to inherit it. He is the brightness of God's glory and the express image of His person, exactly like the Father in purpose and character, revealing the Father to mankind so that through Him, we perceive God's glorious realities. He upholds all things in the universe by the word of His power, ensuring the continuing preservation and faithful dominion of His creation, which will never disappear due to His determination. He Himself purged us of our sins, a supreme act of glory benefiting mankind, faithfully working to prepare us for His Kingdom without deviating from the Father's purpose, even to the point of giving His life. He is now positioned at the right hand of God in heaven, second only to the Father in rulership, surveying all creation and witnessing His faithfulness to the Father's purpose. God Himself, during the transfiguration event, commanded to hear Him, emphasizing the greater glory of His teaching above all others, including great figures like Moses and Elijah. His method of teaching the apostles was radically different, lived out before twelve specifically appointed men as He revealed the Father, Himself, the gospel, and His way of life over three and a half years. He individually and personally chooses us, as He did the apostles, to follow Him and listen to His teaching, preparing a specific team for His return according to the Father's blueprint. His love was demonstrated to the uttermost by sacrificing His life for the spiritual benefit of those following Him.

Hebrews (Part Four): Who Was Jesus?

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

Jesus Christ was not merely an extraordinary man; He was unique, great above all others who ever lived. Every characteristic of His attributes is to be admired for His great love and unstinting giving in every aspect of His character, expressed humbly and abundantly for our eternal well-being. Never has such glorious and refined power combined with humility been expressed so flawlessly by any other Person. Contained within Him were all the intellectual powers necessary to design and bring into existence this awesome creation, populating it with stars, planets, angels, humans, animals, fish, and birds. Yet, despite our unworthiness, He willingly took on the responsibilities, ultimately giving His divine life in death to pay for our sins. Mankind's attitude toward its Creator was contrary, hardened, and indifferent, with many rejecting Him despite witnessing His miraculous acts, and a large number appealing to Pilate to crucify Him at the end of His life. He is essential to our salvation, not only for the forgiveness of sin but also because He lives in us, works in us, directs us, and teaches us. If we are to see the Father, it is because we have yielded to the Son. The Word became flesh, a Spirit being and Creator who came to be human, yet remained God throughout, never ceasing to be divine even in the grave and after resurrection. As a human, He was dependent on the same things as others, experiencing human emotion and capable of death when He allowed it. Through God's merciful calling, He drew us to an understanding of saving knowledge of Jesus Christ, forgave us, gave us His Holy Spirit, adopted us into His Family, and imparted His abundant characteristics, so that we are now children of God, gradually being transformed into His likeness. The apostles witnessed a tiny amount of His glory during the three and a half years they spent learning from Him, observing the contrast between mankind's utter rejection and His unstinting outpouring of love. They examined Him with care, thoughtfully considering His life and actions. Jesus Christ, like the Father, has existed from eternity, with no time when He was anything else. He taught the apostles in real-life situations, exemplifying His way of life through His interactions, revealing the Father and Himself while preaching the gospel. At the end of this teaching, He demonstrated a major extent of His love by sacrificing His life for the spiritual benefit of those following Him. He continued to direct the apostles spiritually from heaven over roughly fifty years as they wrote what became the New Testament. A faithful and loving spiritual relationship between Christ and the disciple is essential for this method of instruction to function well. Jesus of Nazareth is our life, our connection to eternity and its glories, crucial to our spiritual progress. In the book of Hebrews, the author begins with awesome wonderment about His accomplishments, stating that without Him, we can do nothing in terms of achieving what the Father desires. The epistle aims to convince Jews within the church that Jesus was fully qualified to be High Priest, listing seven qualifications: He is the only begotten Son, unique among all; He is appointed Heir of all things, assuring continuance in office; He is the Creator of all things and Giver of life, faithful to care for His creation; He is the brightness of God's glory and the express image of His Person, exactly like the Father in purpose and character; He upholds the universe by the Word of His power, preserving and managing His creation; He Himself purged us of our sins, preparing us for His Kingdom; and He is re-established in heaven at the right hand of God, second only to the Father in rulership, witnessing His faithfulness.

Why Is Christ, the Son, Called 'the Everlasting Father' (Isaiah 9:6)?

Bible Questions & Answers

For unto us a Child is born, unto us a Son is given; and the government will be upon His shoulder. And His name will be called Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. Of the increase of His government and peace there will be no end, upon the throne of David and over His kingdom, to order it and establish it with judgment and justice from that time forward, even forever. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this. Jesus Christ of Nazareth is the promised Son, bearing the title Everlasting Father among many others. As the God of the Old Testament, He fulfilled the role of Father to Israel by redeeming them from slavery in Egypt, creating them, and founding them as a nation. He will be their Father when He returns to set up His world-ruling government, maintaining this special relationship with Israel throughout all eternity as the Everlasting Father.

Hebrews (Part Two): Who Was Jesus?

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

Under the New Covenant, Jesus Christ is central to God's purpose in building His Family. His teaching-and-example-setting responsibility was entrusted to no one else in all of creation, highlighting the profound importance of His role. Jesus is the major theme of the book of Hebrews, where God commands, "Hear Him," emphasizing His supremacy over even the greatest prophets like Moses and Elijah. His importance surpasses all who have lived on earth, establishing Him as the ultimate guide for believers. Jesus did not merely dictate worship requirements as in the Old Covenant; instead, as the living Word of God, He lived them before the eyes of those who followed Him. He began His ministry by preaching the gospel, detailing the overall goal of God's way of life, and added personal examples of His conduct, setting the standards of God's way. He shared His life with the apostles in a physical and spiritual relationship, demonstrating a profound unity with the Father. No one can come to Jesus unless drawn by the Father, showing that God is personally involved in each person's conversion. Jesus affirmed that those drawn to Him are His to work with, ensuring that God's Family is not built with random pieces but with individuals specifically chosen and set apart by the Father for Him to teach and guide. The New Covenant, through Jesus, presents a family-oriented relationship—father, mother, sister, brother—rather than the master/servant dynamic more evident in the Old Covenant, emphasizing believing, willing, and wholehearted cooperation flowing from family love. Jesus is the promised Seed, the Messiah, born as Jesus of Nazareth, who has become our Savior, our Teacher, our Elder Brother, and now our King. As God's only begotten Son, dispatched from heaven, He is the personal witness revealing both the Father and the Son, Their purpose, and Their love to mankind. He is introduced as the literal Creator of the universe, man's Creator, and life-giver, a truth of awesome magnitude for the apostles who could hear His voice, see Him, and touch Him, knowing He was their Creator and Savior. Jesus stressed His oneness with the Father, a characteristic frequently highlighted by the apostle John. He clearly stated His identity to the people in Jerusalem, though many could not accept it. John emphasizes Jesus as the only Son, unique and one of a kind, with no competitors. There is no one else like Him, setting Him apart from all other usages of "son of God" in Scripture. Jesus and the Father share the same characteristics, demonstrating Their unity. Even as the Father has always existed, so has the Son; Jesus Christ is every bit as much God as the Father, and They are One.

Jesus Disqualified?

'Ready Answer' by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

The claim that Jesus Christ is the Messiah has come under scrutiny, causing confusion even among members of God's church. Despite this, the evidence supporting His Messiahship is robust. The genealogy in Luke 3, likely tracing His biological lineage through Mary, is as valid a claim to David's throne as the one in Matthew 1, strengthening His claim by showing descent through two separate lines to David. Luke, writing primarily to Gentiles, emphasizes Jesus' humanity, presenting His natural family tree to demonstrate He shares humanness with all, making Him not only the Jews' Messiah but also the Gentiles' Messiah. His lineage through Mary connects Him universally to every man, highlighting His role as a Savior for all. Beyond lineage, numerous proofs affirm Jesus as the Messiah. The miracles, healings, resurrections, exorcisms, and other daily signs He performed are powerful evidence. The Father proclaimed Him as His Son, establishing Him as our Messiah. Jesus Himself acknowledged His role as the Messiah. Additionally, He fulfilled numerous Old Testament prophecies, an extraordinary feat that underscores His identity as the Christ. Above all, Jesus lived a perfect life, died for humanity's sins, rose on the third day, and ascended to heaven as our High Priest and soon-coming King, embodying the true qualities and actions of a Messiah. These infallible proofs leave no room for doubt about His identity.

Who Fulfills the Azazel Goat— Satan or Christ? (Part Three)

'Ready Answer' by David C. Grabbe

Jesus Christ fulfilled the roles of both sacrificial animals in the Day of Atonement ritual. He died to provide a covering of blood and open the way to the Father, and He also bore the sins of many, taking them to the land of forgetfulness, the grave. His work is the expiation of mankind's sins, involving the atoning, cleansing, disannulling, purging, and putting away of sins. In Colossians, He is declared to have lifted up, taken away, and expiated the record that was against us, matching the role of the goat of departure. Hebrews 1:3 states that He, by Himself, purged our sins and sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high, showing His work of purging sins is complete. Hebrews 9 and 10 resound with His work, explaining how He entered the Most Holy Place in heaven with His own blood, cleansing the heavenly sanctuary once for all. His sacrifice alone is sufficient to put away sin, cancelling it and bringing it to nothing for those who repent and come under His blood. Hebrews 10:10 affirms that we have been sanctified through the offering of His body once for all, and His sitting down at the right hand of God indicates the entire work regarding sacrifice, atonement, bearing sins, and removing transgression is already complete. When He appears a second time, it is apart from sin, bringing salvation, not to bring sins back into view. His sacrifice includes the removal of sins from consciousness, cleansing the consciences of those who accept Him.

Christ Our Passover

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ stands as the central figure of salvation, embodying a profound mystery that eludes those who do not deeply consider His significance. To many, He was an enigma: to His own brethren, He was not believed; to the average Jew, a mysterious yet likable figure performing fantastic deeds; to the Pharisees and Sadducees, an archrival and threat; to the Romans, a troublemaker; and to Pilate, harmless yet sacrificed to avoid unrest. Yet, His true identity and purpose transcend these limited views. He is revealed as Creator, Prophet, Priest, King, Redeemer of both physical and spiritual Israel, Savior, Deliverer, Provider, Healer, High Priest, and the Lamb of God, among over 200 guises in God's Word. At Passover, the focus narrows to Him as the sacrificed Lamb of God, slain for the sins of the whole world, the very object and goal of the Bible. Christ personifies perfect love and government, the ideal man, God in the flesh, and the standard for all to strive toward. He fulfilled the law perfectly, exemplifying God's desires in every action, and we are called to grow into His likeness, to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ. His life and works, detailed extensively in Scripture, offer a sharply defined guide for understanding Christianity, far beyond a vague concept of the Kingdom of God. He is the Creator with the Father from eternity, the Son who revealed the Father, the conqueror of satan, the soon-coming King, the Savior crucified and resurrected, the Firstborn, our elder Brother, the Captain of our salvation, the Head of the church, and our High Priest interceding at the Father's right hand. At Passover, the emphasis is on His blood, the precious sacrifice foreordained before the world's foundation, underscoring the immense value of His life given for forgiveness. This sacrifice seals God's covenant of salvation, validated by His blood, providing powerful evidence of God's seriousness and the means to forgive our sins. The cup at Passover symbolizes the blood He shed, representing the life He sacrificed to establish this agreement. His death and resurrection form the foundation of our faith, with His glorification as God's pledge of hope for our future. Christ's sacrifice is not merely to be remembered as a historical event but to be deeply considered for its significance. If treated as a mere ritual, its meaning is lost, failing to honor who He was and what He accomplished. His sinless life, lived with full understanding and intense temptation, yet in innocence and compassion, reveals the towering injustice of His death for us, stirring revulsion against sin and gratitude that motivates departure from it. He is everything we are not—Savior, Example, Lord, Intercessor, Brother, Teacher, Strength, and Salvation—focusing at this time on His sinless sacrifice to set us on the right path each sacred year. His offering, unlike animal sacrifices, has the power to cleanse sin and establish a New Covenant of unparalleled intimacy with our Creator, inspiring gratitude, worship, and obedience as the only fitting response to such a gift.

Why Did Jesus Have to Die by Crucifixion?

'Ready Answer' by Staff

Our Savior, Jesus Christ, endured a most horrific death on a stauros or cross, a form of execution that was both gory and painful, often lasting for days. In His time, crucifixion was reserved for slaves and the worst criminals or enemies of the state, a punishment so gruesome that Roman citizens were usually exempted. Jesus had undoubtedly witnessed the remains of many crucifixions during His travels through Galilee and Judea, fully aware that He would one day experience it Himself. The Father planned for this specific type of execution to depict the horrors of sin and its consequences, necessitating that Jesus die in such a manner to be our Savior. Jesus' death was substitutionary, taking on the death penalty we earn for each sin we commit. This penalty could not be paid by a natural death but required execution, as sin cannot be forgiven without the shedding of blood. Thus, Jesus had to die by execution, and crucifixion was the Romans' preferred method. Pilate pronounced the judgment and sentenced Him to death, though Jesus was guilty of no crime or sin; our sins brought the death penalty upon us, and He took it upon Himself. God also allowed His Son to suffer crucifixion because it was a deeply shameful way to die, reserved for those considered the scum of the earth. Jesus was crucified between two robbers, and the typical passerby would have judged Him guilty by association. Sin causes shame, and Jesus died a shameful death to illustrate the disgrace brought by our sins. The process of crucifixion added to this shame, as victims were often left stark naked or with minimal covering, exposed to all who passed by. As a sinless and modest man, Jesus endured profound humiliation before His mother, the other women, the apostle John, and a multitude of spectators.

Christ, Our Passover

'Personal' from John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ, the only begotten Son of God, was crucified as a sacrifice for the forgiveness of our sins. He is the propitiation by which we can enter into God's presence, paying the incalculable price for sin as provided by God, the righteous Judge. At Passover, the focus centers on Him as the Lamb of God, slain for the sins of the world, a human sacrifice of the most sublime quality. He is the Standard and Example toward whom we strive, embodying perfect love and government as the perfect Man and God in the flesh. The Bible portrays Jesus Christ in over two hundred guises, including Creator, Prophet, High Priest, King, Redeemer, Savior, Deliverer, Provider, Healer, Apostle, Judge, Avenger, and Forerunner. He is everything we are not yet strive to become, and we must keep His past and future accomplishments close in our minds. Though people could see and hear Him, they often could not understand who He was or the personal implications of His message. However, God has opened our minds to reveal the truth, making His teachings powerful, life-changing messages that depend on our active recognition of Him as Savior, King, and High Priest. The cup at Passover symbolizes the blood Jesus spilled in sacrificing His life, sealing God's agreement of salvation with us. His blood certifies His promise to justify us in preparation for salvation. Understanding His sacrifice properly determines the quality of our observance of Passover, and we must examine ourselves to discern His body, seriously reviewing our spiritual and moral failures in contrast to His perfect glory. He lived thirty-three and a half years without committing a single sin, and our focus at Passover should be on the payment for our sins through His sacrifice, not on ourselves. Passover forces us to focus on our weakness and His strength, our need and His abundance, our sinfulness and His perfection, our sentence of death and His offer of life. His sacrifice is the holy act, the essence of love, given as a gift to accomplish the Father's will. Unlike animal sacrifices, the sacrifice of the sinless God-Man, Jesus of Nazareth, has the power to cleanse from sin and establish a New Covenant based on an intimate personal relationship with our Creator. His death creates a sense of indebtedness and gratitude, motivating us to respond with worship and obedience. The theme of Passover is the awesome cost of salvation, manifested in the sinless sacrifice of Jesus Christ. His sinlessness was not mechanical but filled with sympathy, empathy, compassion, kindness, and concern for the helpless slaves of sin. His name is Savior, Redeemer, and Lamb of God, and His unique sacrifice, with the approval of the Father and His selfless participation, was enough for all time.

Jesus in the Feasts (Part Two): Firstfruits

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

The central figure of Scripture is God Himself, particularly the Son, Jesus Christ, the Word. The real subject of the Word of God is our Savior and soon-coming King, Jesus Christ, and we must never allow this to stray far from the forefront of our minds. Everything in the Bible is about Him, as He Himself verified that the whole Old Testament and New Testament center on Him. He appears in specific prophecies, symbols like the sacrifices and Tabernacle furnishings, and as the anti-type of many Old Testament historical figures such as Isaac, Joseph, Moses, Joshua, and David. In the holy days, the most important aspect is their incisive focus on Jesus Christ. He told His disciples that the law, prophets, and Psalms speak of Him, emphasizing that He is the subject of the Old Testament. God wants our eyes on Christ first, as the feasts reveal the character and work of the Son of God, our Redeemer, High Priest, and King. He is everything, the Head without whom we do not function or exist. In I Corinthians 15, Paul plainly states that Christ is the firstfruits, the epitome of God's spiritual harvest through His resurrection. Christ is also our Passover and the bread of life for Unleavened Bread, pure and without sin. He fulfilled the type of the firstfruit of the harvest, paving the way for others whom God calls and chooses to be resurrected to spirit and glory in His image. In the Old Testament, the wave sheaf offering and Pentecost offering both revolve around firstfruits, with Christ as the initiator of the harvest. Scripture describes Him as the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep, the firstborn from the dead, indicating that others will follow as firstfruits to the Lord. Christ is first both chronologically and in quality, the preeminent Firstfruit, the model and standard for the elect to emulate on Pentecost. Jesus Christ called His disciples with the command to follow Him, setting the tone for their discipleship to imitate and conform to Him. He never strayed or sinned, always doing His Father's will, providing an example that ensures we cannot go wrong if we follow Him wisely. As the trailblazer, He forged the path through this world to glory, urging us to stay on His trail to reach the same destination. On the evening of Passover before His arrest, He spoke of going to His Father's house to prepare places of authority and service for His disciples, taking up the responsibility of preparing a people for God. He declared Himself the way, the truth, and the life, the sole path to the Father, a way that implies a continuous journey of many steps over time, not a singular event. On the first Pentecost after His resurrection, Jesus Christ was given responsibility over the Holy Spirit as the Firstfruit, dispensing it to those who repent and are baptized, as called by God the Father. He is motivated to have brethren, a bride, follow the path He forged, enabling them through the Spirit to walk to God's Kingdom by His leadership and example. Christ is the true vine, emphasizing our dependence on Him for all spiritual growth and fruit, without which we can do nothing. The truth is in Him, and we must put on Christ, walking as He walked to live in true holiness and righteousness. As our Passover, Unleavened Bread, and Firstfruit, He is the Archegos who leads and guides us in love, doing the heavy lifting in our walk of faith to the Kingdom of God. Our focus on Pentecost must be on Him, His example, instruction, gifts, help, and strength, as these make everything possible for us to become firstfruits after His manner.

Christ, the Chief Cornerstone

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ stands as the central and most vital part of our spiritual foundation. He is the Chief Cornerstone, as emphasized in Ephesians 2:20, anchoring and supporting the entire structure of God's spiritual Temple. His teaching underlies all other spiritual truth in God's Word, serving as the touchstone for everything else. If there is ever a question about what is written, we should lean on what He says first, for He is the Word and the Boss, whose explanations often bring clarity in simpler terms. In I Corinthians 3:11, it is confirmed that no other foundation can be laid than that which is laid in Jesus Christ. He is the principal part, the first and most important, ensuring that any foundation not faithfully conveying His true gospel is flawed and will not support what is built upon it. As the Chief Cornerstone, He is like the massive, weighty stones of the Temple, cut to precise specifications, holding up the entire edifice without need for mortar, firm and immovable. In Isaiah 28:16, God declares Him a tried stone, a precious cornerstone, and a sure foundation. He has been thoroughly tested and found perfect, or He serves as the standard against which we are tested. His preciousness reflects His rare excellence and priceless value, with every aspect of His character, works, and gifts being of ultimate worth. As a sure foundation, He is the foundation of foundations, unyielding and unshakable, ensuring that those who believe in Him will not be put to shame. Psalm 118:22-23 portrays Him as the head of the corner, laid by God to provide real salvation. His role as the Chief Cornerstone made the day of salvation possible, a marvelous work completed through His life, death, and resurrection, assuring salvation to those who stand on Him. In Deuteronomy 30:20, He is declared our life and the length of our days, offering eternal extension through His strength. Through His 'I AM' statements in the book of John, His significance to our lives is further revealed. As the Bread of Life, He sustains us spiritually, requiring us to deeply assimilate His teachings into our character. As the Light of the World, He illuminates the path to righteousness, revealing truth and guiding us toward the Kingdom of God. As the Door of the Sheep, He provides access to salvation, protection, separation from the world, fellowship with the Father, and abundant life in our daily activities. As the Good Shepherd, He cares intimately for each of us, knowing us by name and leading us safely to our destination, even laying down His life for our needs. As the Resurrection and the Life, He guarantees our rising from the dead and living forever, ensuring immortality and incorruption. As the Way, the Truth, and the Life, He is the means to salvation, the embodiment of truth, and the source of real life, providing access to the Father through His example. As the True Vine, He supplies the life and nutrients we need to produce fruit, connecting us organically to Him and the Father, urging us to submit to divine discipline to remain fruitful. As the King of kings, He holds supreme authority, demanding our obedience as our Lord and Master. Finally, as the 'I AM,' He is God Himself, the Creator, the Almighty One, the perfect and Holy One, forming the unshakable base of our faith, ensuring we need never feel ashamed when we build our lives upon Him.

Christ Our Rock

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ is identified as The Rock, a central and enduring image of God throughout biblical narrative. He is The Rock of the Old Testament, the same as The Word, Jesus Christ, who supplied Israel with manna and water, led them across the wilderness, delivered them from all their enemies, and placed them in the land of promise. He remains unchanged, the same yesterday, today, and forever, possessing the same powers and character now as He did then, dealing with us as He dealt with them. As The Rock, Jesus Christ continues to provide for His people, offering gushing rivers of living water, symbolizing the essence of God that sustains each Christian and enables a godly life leading to eternal life. He sits at the right hand of God as our heavenly High Priest, dispensing this vital sustenance as much as we need and can handle. Jesus Christ is The Rock on which the church of God is founded, a sure and immovable foundation. He is the massive, craggy mountain on which the church is built, ensuring that when rains descend and floods come, those built on Him will not be washed away. He is the chief cornerstone, the Author and Finisher of our faith, underlying everything and making everything work for salvation. To those who are disobedient, Jesus Christ becomes a Rock of Offense, an obstruction in the path that cannot be bypassed or broken without injury. In a future aspect, He is the Stone cut out without hands that smites the nations, returning with a rod of iron to slay those who come against Him. If one falls on this Stone, they may be broken and humbled but can be saved; however, on whoever The Rock falls, it grinds to destruction, showing His side of judgment and destruction to those who reject Him.

Four Views of Christ (Part 3)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ is central to our transformation, as reflected in the principle, "As He is, so are we in this world." This signifies that we are being conformed not to Jesus the man, but to the risen Jesus Christ, embodying His current divine state. He has entrusted His reputation and honor to us, expecting us to bear His image, even now, in varying degrees. This image grows through our labor and fellowship with Him, ensuring that in the resurrection, the likeness will be perfected as we see Him as He is. His words are spirit and life, providing a dimension to existence beyond mere physical sustenance. Jesus Christ emphasized that man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God. His teachings form the foundation of our thinking, shaping our conduct and determining what we become. Through His Word, we are infused with boldness and confidence, becoming His living likeness in this world. In the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus Christ is portrayed as a king, the lawful heir of the promises made to Abraham through David. Introduced as the Son of David and Son of Abraham, He confirms these promises and is the heir of all things. His genealogy highlights His kingly line, uniquely including four women—Tamar, Rahab, Ruth, and Bathsheba—whose profound influence shapes the narrative of His lineage. Matthew emphasizes His authority as King, presenting Him as born King of the Jews, with events like the wise men bringing gifts to honor Him, fitting for a ruler. His baptism in Matthew occurs within the context of John the Baptist preaching the kingdom of heaven, establishing His royal mission. During His temptation, Jesus Christ proves Himself a worthy heir by overcoming satan, qualifying Him to be King. The Sermon on the Mount further unfolds the principles and laws of His Kingdom, magnifying the law to a higher standard and showcasing His authority to redefine righteousness. Terms like "kingdom of heaven" and "righteousness" dominate Matthew, underscoring the divine origin and moral standard of His rule, distinct from earthly kingdoms. Matthew also depicts Jesus Christ in His power, healing diseases, calming nature, and commanding demons, yet facing rejection from the people despite these wonders. His parables, uniquely numerous in Matthew, often relate to the Kingdom, reinforcing His authority. Only in Matthew is the church mentioned, linking it to those who recognize and submit to His rule, anticipating their place in the Kingdom of God. Ultimately, Jesus Christ is presented as the legitimate heir of God's promises, contrasting with us who become heirs only through Him by election and adoption. His Kingdom, rooted in heaven, demands our loyalty to Him and the Father, not to earthly powers. Our future is to become kings in His image, embodying a righteousness that exceeds human capacity, achievable only through fellowship with Him and the Father.

Jesus in the Feasts (Part One): The Bread of Life

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ stands as the central figure in the study of Scripture, revealing the true meaning of God's Word through the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. In Luke 24:44-45, He opened the minds of His disciples to understand the Old Testament prophecies and teachings concerning Himself, demonstrating that all Scriptures, from Moses to the prophets, point to Him. He fulfilled numerous prophecies during His lifetime and is anticipated to fulfill many more upon His return. His presence is evident throughout the Old Testament, often appearing as the Angel of the Lord or as God interacting with figures like Abraham, Moses, Joshua, and Daniel, engaging with them in profound ways. In John 5:46, Jesus Christ asserts that the writings of Moses and the prophets are filled with references to Him, positioning Him as the core theme of both the Old and New Testaments. As the God of the Old Testament, He is frequently the One speaking to the prophets, addressing Israel's sins and guiding them with His character. Beyond direct appearances and prophecies, He is the object of sacrifices and the central focus of the Tabernacle's furnishings, embodying their spiritual significance. Various Old Testament figures, such as Isaac, Joseph, Moses, Joshua, and David, serve as types of Christ, reflecting aspects of His life and character through their actions and experiences. Specific events, like Abraham's offering of Isaac, the Passover lamb, the bronze serpent in the wilderness, and the manna from heaven, foreshadow His sacrificial death and redemptive work. Jesus Christ Himself confirmed these connections, as seen in His teachings about being lifted up like the bronze serpent and providing true sustenance as the bread of life. In the context of the holy days, particularly the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the focus remains on Jesus Christ. In I Corinthians 5, Paul identifies Him as our Passover, sacrificed for us, and extends this imagery to Unleavened Bread, urging believers to keep the feast with sincerity and truth, reflecting Christ's inward purity and outward righteousness. In John 6, He declares Himself the bread of life, emphasizing the need to consume Him spiritually through His teachings and character to attain eternal life. This act of ingesting Him daily fosters spiritual growth, mirroring the physical act of eating unleavened bread every day of the feast. Jesus Christ's role as the bread of life is further highlighted in I John 2:3-6, where believers are encouraged to know Him and walk as He walked, integrating His character into their lives. His agency is evident in the calling and teaching of God's people, as seen in John 6:44-45, where He draws individuals to Himself for instruction in righteousness. Throughout the holy days, His actions—redeeming, leading, and sustaining—parallel God's deliverance of Israel from Egypt, underscoring His love and faithfulness. In Colossians 1:9 and Hebrews 13, Jesus Christ is portrayed as the One who leads believers to holiness and righteousness, preparing them for the Kingdom of God through His mercy, love, and providence. He is the Archegos, the leader who bears the heavy burden of guiding His followers in their walk of faith, ensuring their path ends in glory. Thus, the essence of these observances and Scriptures continually points to Him as the source of spiritual life and the ultimate focus of God's redemptive plan.

Four Views of Christ (Part 1)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

The Bible presents Jesus Christ as central to its message, with His life and significance woven throughout its pages. In Revelation 2:17, He promises hidden manna to those who overcome, symbolizing spiritual nourishment that requires effort to uncover, akin to the Word of God that sustains and strengthens. This hidden manna, unlike the easily found manna of the Israelites, suggests a special blessing for those who persevere and obey, deepening their faith and understanding of Him. In John 6, manna is compared to the Word of God, personified in Jesus Christ, highlighting His role as the spiritual sustenance for believers. Ephesians 3:14-19 reveals the purpose of God's Word as enabling Christ to dwell in our hearts through faith, allowing us to grasp the vast dimensions of His love and be filled with the fullness of God. This process of transformation is gradual, requiring effort to uncover the hidden beauties of His revelation, aligning us more closely with His image. Isaac, as a type of Christ, demonstrates access to life-giving wells of water, which the world attempts to obstruct, symbolizing persecution against those who seek the true source of spiritual nourishment. The four accounts of Jesus' ministry in Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John are not merely supplementary but show Him in distinct relationships, each biography contributing uniquely to a fuller understanding of His life and purpose. The entirety of the Bible serves as a biography of Jesus Christ, offering many streams of insight beyond just His public ministry. In Matthew 24:23-26, Christ warns of false christs and prophets who will deceive many, emphasizing that those with a comprehensive grasp of Him will not be misled during spiritually deceptive times. Ephesians 4:11-16 underscores the ministry's role in equipping believers to grow into the fullness of Christ, protecting them from deceit and fostering unity in faith and knowledge of the Son of God. Before we can reflect His image, we must see it clearly through persistent study of His Word. Revelation 4:6-8 describes four living creatures symbolizing different aspects of Christ's life, each incomplete on its own but essential to a holistic understanding of Him as a man. These symbols, tied to the gospels, reveal His glory, encouraging believers to seek a deeper vision of who He is. Through Numbers 2, the banners of the tribes of Israel—lion for Judah, man for Reuben, ox for Ephraim, and eagle for Dan—further connect to these representations, illustrating various facets of Christ's identity and mission.

Jesus in the Feasts (Part Six): The Eighth Day

Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

In this sermon series on Jesus in the Feasts, the primary purpose of the holy days is to point us to Christ in His various offices and roles. Christ is our Passover in the Feast of Passover. In Unleavened Bread, He is our Bread of Life. In Pentecost, He is our Firstfruit. In Trumpets, He is our divine King who is present. In Atonement, He is our sacrificial offering. In the Feast of Tabernacles, He is the perfect Tabernacle, the One we are supposed to live in throughout our journey. Finally, on the Eighth Day, He is our all in all, our everything. In John 14, He declares Himself as the way, the truth, and the life, indicating that He is everything we need. He is the source of the Word, embodying all that is good, right, and true. Within Him are all the tools, power, wisdom, and holiness necessary to attain God's Kingdom. There is nothing we need that cannot be found in Him. In Ephesians 1:15-23, Paul prays that believers receive wisdom, revelation, and enlightenment to understand the hope of His calling, the riches of His inheritance, and the greatness of His power toward us. This power was shown when God raised Him from the dead and seated Him at His right hand, far above all authority, with all things under His feet. He is given as the head over all things to the church, His body, the fullness of Him who fills all in all. As the Body of Christ, we share in His divine fullness, with Him imparting all divine gifts and powers to us, ensuring we lack nothing. In Colossians 2:10, Paul affirms that we are complete in Him, who is the head of all principality and power. In Ephesians 4:13, the goal is to reach the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ, showing that He fills us as we grow into His image. In I Corinthians 12:4-6, the diversity of gifts, ministries, and activities all come from the same Spirit, Lord, and God who works all in all, indicating that He is actively working in each member of His Body to bring us to His fullness. In Revelation 1:4-18, John introduces Christ with titles reflecting His accomplishments: the faithful witness, the firstborn from the dead, and the ruler over all kings of the earth. He loved us, washed us from our sins in His own blood, and made us kings and priests to His God and Father. He is coming with clouds, and every eye will see Him. He declares Himself as the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End, the First and the Last, affirming that He encompasses everything. He comforts His faithful, saying not to be afraid, for He lives forevermore and holds the keys of Hades and Death. In Revelation 22:12-17 and 20-21, He reiterates that He is the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End, the First and the Last, promising to come quickly with His reward. He identifies as the Root and Offspring of David, the Bright and Morning Star, inviting all who thirst to take the water of life freely. His grace is extended to all, with the assurance of His imminent return.

Groping for Jesus

CGG Weekly by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

In today's culture, Jesus Christ remains a prominent figure in the public eye through various media portrayals. Productions like Dallas Jenkins' The Chosen, with three seasons available and more planned, and Mel Gibson's upcoming sequel to The Passion of the Christ, titled The Passion of the Christ: Resurrection, highlight His enduring presence. Additionally, Martin Scorsese is working on a film based on Shusaku Endo's A Life of Jesus, and seasonal re-airings of classics like The Greatest Story Ever Told continue to depict His life, death, and resurrection. However, the question remains whether these portrayals convey the truth about Him. Scholars have long debated the historical Jesus, with opinions ranging widely based on their trust in the biblical accounts. Those who trust the scriptures often see Him as a prophet or the Messiah, while skeptics view Him as merely human, perhaps an antiestablishment preacher or a Jewish mystic. Jesus Himself asserts that many scholars reject His own testimony, mirroring the Pharisees' disbelief. He declares that His witness is true, knowing His origins and destination, while His critics judge only by the flesh, unable to grasp spiritual truths. Without God's Holy Spirit, the depth and fullness of Jesus Christ of Nazareth remain beyond human comprehension. To the carnal mind, He is reduced to fragmented images—a baby in a manger, a suffering Nazarene, or a carpenter-turned-rabbi—but never the complete picture. Even with divine guidance, understanding all that He is requires a lifetime of walking by His side. Thus, media portrayals of Him are, at best, only a pale shadow of the One who embodies all in all.

Was Jesus Married?

'Ready Answer' by Mike Ford

A tiny piece of papyrus, presented by Dr. Karen L. King, claims to prove that Jesus Christ was married, with the key words in Coptic reading, Jesus said to them, 'My wife.' This fragment, dubbed The Gospel of Jesus's Wife, has been contested for its authenticity due to crude penmanship and unusual phrasing, with some words seemingly borrowed from The Gospel of Thomas. Despite the doubts, supporters of this theory argue that His marriage to Mary Magdalene was a secret, suppressed by the church, and point to the cultural norm of Jewish men marrying during His time. However, the canonical gospels frequently mention His family and the women who followed Him, yet never reveal a wife. Between the ages of 12 and 30, little is known of Jesus Christ, but from the start of His ministry at about age 30 until His death, no gospel writer mentions a wife. His focus was entirely on His mission, the most vital task given by God, requiring all His time and attention, making it unlikely He would involve a wife to whom He could not devote Himself. At His crucifixion, Mary Magdalene was present, but He did not acknowledge her as His wife or arrange for her care alongside His mother, further indicating she held a significant but non-marital role in His life. She was the first to see and speak to Him after His resurrection, a great honor reflecting His high regard for her, though not as His spouse. The silence in the epistles, such as Paul's writings in Ephesians, on Jesus Christ having a wife supports the conclusion that He never married during His earthly life.

Running God's Marathon With Christ

Sermon by Mark Schindler

Jesus Christ, our Forerunner, sets the pace for us in the race toward the Kingdom of God, having endured immense suffering and temptations to become the perfect drafting runner for each of us. We see Him, made a little lower than the angels, suffering death and being crowned with glory and honor, that He, by the grace of God, might taste death for everyone. It was fitting for Him, for whom are all things and by whom are all things, to be made perfect through sufferings, bringing many sons to glory as the captain of their salvation. As our High Priest, He sympathizes with our weaknesses, having been tempted in all points as we are, yet without sin. He did not glorify Himself to become High Priest, but was called by God, learning obedience through the things He suffered, becoming the author of eternal salvation to all who obey Him. At the time of His baptism, Jesus came from Nazareth in Galilee to the Jordan to be baptized by John, insisting it was proper to fulfill all righteousness. As He came up out of the water, the Spirit of God descended like a dove upon Him, and a voice from heaven declared, "You are My Son, whom I love, with You I am well pleased." Full of the Holy Spirit, He was then led into the wilderness for forty days, tempted by satan, eating nothing and growing hungry. The tempter challenged Him to turn stones into bread, but He answered, "Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that comes from the mouth of God." Taken to the highest point of the temple, He was urged to throw Himself down, but He replied, "Do not put the Lord your God to the test." Shown all the kingdoms of the world, He was offered their splendor in exchange for worship, yet He rebuked satan, saying, "Worship the Lord your God, and serve Him only." After these trials, angels came and attended to Him. Throughout those forty days, Jesus Christ faced continuous testing by satan, enduring spiritual and physical dangers in the wilderness, yet His resolve remained unbroken. In that place of deprivation and attack, He reviewed the details of His planned work in total accord with the Father's will, preparing for the miracles and proclamations of the coming Kingdom of God. No man has weathered such a violent storm intended to destroy His perfect relationship with the Father, doing so to pace us, draft us, and perfect us. Being in the form of God, He humbled Himself, taking the form of a bondservant, becoming obedient to the point of death on the cross, for which God highly exalted Him, giving Him a name above every name. Jesus Christ declared Himself as the way, the truth, and the life, stating that no one comes to the Father except through Him. He affirmed His unity with the Father, saying that whoever has seen Him has seen the Father, and the words He spoke were not His own but the Father's who dwelt in Him. He promised that those who believe in Him would do the works He did and even greater works because He went to the Father. Constantly under pressure and danger, both physically and spiritually, He was tempted in all points as we are, enabling Him to rush to our aid, knowing exactly what we go through. As our Marathon Winner, Jesus Christ speaks to His people, promising victory to those who overcome. To the victorious, He offers the right to eat from the tree of life, protection from the second death, hidden manna, a white stone with a new name, authority over nations, white garments, a place as pillars in the temple of God, and the right to sit beside Him on His throne. Having given up His rights as God to become a man, He diligently prepared Himself to do only the will of the Father, enduring daily trials and temptations all the way to the crucifixion. Tested in all points as we are, He now drafts us to the finish line, leading us to a victorious place beside Him on His throne.

Have You Given Your Heart to Jesus?

Sermonette by Austin Del Castillo

It behooves God's called-out ones to recognize Jesus Christ as providing the access to God the Father, the Way and the Life.

Who Fulfills the Azazel Goat—Satan or Christ? (Part One)

'Ready Answer' by David C. Grabbe

The work of Jesus Christ provides the ultimate solution to sin, fulfilling roles that no other can. God chose Him as the Servant, as evidenced in Matthew 12:18, and He is described as elect in I Peter 2:6, signifying His chosen status. He was selected to embody the sin offering, the burnt offering, the meal offering, the Passover, and the Wavesheaf. Additionally, God appointed Him as High Priest, as noted in Hebrews 5:10 and 9:11. Every sacrificial animal, required to be unblemished, prefigured the Savior, who was entirely without blemish or defect. Even though He had no need to be cleansed from sin, He was still sanctified, as stated in John 10:36. Through His work, God's laws are written on new hearts, and sins are remembered no more, accomplishing both the payment for and the complete removal of sin from view and consciousness.

Proofs of Christ's Resurrection

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Hundreds of years before a significant event, several men who claimed to be prophets predicted a future miracle. At the appointed time, a man appeared, declaring that the moment for this miracle had arrived. He claimed to be the divine Being who inspired those ancient prophets, preached profound truths, collected disciples, and performed many healings and miracles to validate His identity and message. On the exact day and time He predicted, the miracle occurred as foretold. His disciples proclaimed that He was right in everything He said, even though He could not be found after the event. Despite persecution and execution by the people and government who disbelieved them, His disciples refused to recant their testimony, maintaining their unwavering account in various letters, histories, and a prophecy, all of which agreed remarkably without contradictions. This man, Jesus Christ, was attested by miracles, wonders, and signs during His ministry. He was crucified and put to death, as witnessed by many, including Joseph of Arimathea, Pilate, and the centurion, who confirmed His death beyond doubt. After His burial in a guarded and sealed tomb, observed by Mary Magdalene and others, the tomb was found empty on the third day. An angel declared to the women at the tomb that He is risen, as He had said, and instructed them to tell His disciples. Jesus Himself appeared to them, saying, "Rejoice!" and later met with His disciples, showing His hands and feet to prove His physical presence, eating with them, and teaching them. Over forty days, He presented Himself alive by many infallible proofs, appearing to the eleven disciples, to over five hundred brethren at once, to James, and to Paul, among others. He commanded His disciples to preach the gospel to all nations, promising the Holy Spirit to empower them. Witnesses saw Him taken up into heaven, with angels assuring them that He would return in like manner. Peter and Paul, in their preaching, affirmed that God raised Him from the dead, emphasizing that His flesh did not see corruption, unlike David's, and that His empty tomb stood as evidence against any denial. Jesus Himself declared in a vision to John, "I am He who lives, and was dead, and behold, I am alive forevermore." His resurrection transformed His disciples from fearful men into bold preachers who, even under persecution and martyrdom, testified courageously that He is the Christ. Their candid accounts, preserved in numerous first-generation documents, include personal interactions with Him—touching Him, walking with Him, and hearing His voice—providing strong evidence of the reality of His risen state. The belief in His resurrection, as the goal of faith, drives the hope of eternal life for those who confess and believe that God raised Him from the dead.

Christ as Redeemer

CGG Weekly by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

As we count down the fifty days to the Feast of Pentecost, we consider Boaz in the book of Ruth as a type of Jesus Christ, first as a provider and then as a righteous judge. One of the primary titles of Jesus Christ is Savior; He saved us from our sins by taking their penalty—death—upon Himself, paying the price for our rebellion against God in His flesh. We have been redeemed by His blood shed on our behalf, as the idea of redemption signifies buying back, paying a steep cost to restore someone to a former condition or ownership. Christ redeems sinners from the death penalty they have brought upon themselves through their transgressions, achieving this through the sacrifice of His own priceless life. Like Boaz, who cheerfully took up the responsibility to be Ruth's kinsman-redeemer, Christ gave all that He had—His perfect, sinless life—paying for the sins of the whole world. Christ has relentless, dogged determination to save us and prepare us for His Kingdom. It is His foremost desire, and He is on the job night and day to present us holy, blameless, and above reproach in His sight. Just as Boaz promised to perform his duty, so Christ will finish His work in us, for He who promised is faithful. Because He loves us, He redeems us lawfully so that there will never be any question as to our status before Him, and everyone will know that we belong to Him. In spiritual terms, the product of Christ and a converted Christian is a servant and worshipper of God, the goal of God's harvest of firstfruits—a new creation in the image of God.

Christ as Righteous Judge

CGG Weekly by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Boaz' actions toward Ruth provide insight into the character of our Savior, Jesus Christ, particularly in His office of Judge. As a type of Christ, Boaz praises Ruth's kindness, reflected in the Hebrew word chesed, which implies covenant loyalty. He reassures her with words of comfort, telling her not to fear, and promises to fulfill her requests. Boaz also judges her as virtuous, pronouncing her righteous in the spiritual sense. In the morning, he prioritizes making her his bride, mirroring how Christ works to bring His church into the Family of God, judging us worthy to live eternally with Him.

The Meekness and Gentleness of Christ

Sermon by Martin G. Collins

In a world that often exalts harshness and aggressive strength, Jesus Christ stands as a profound example of meekness and gentleness. He portrays the ideal disciple as someone who embodies these qualities, promising that the meek shall inherit the earth, a bold contradiction to worldly values. His life demonstrates that true strength lies in controlled power, not in weakness, as He often showed both authority and tenderness in His actions. Jesus was not mild or weak, but rather gentle and lowly in heart, as He Himself declared, inviting all who labor to come to Him for rest, assuring them that His yoke is easy and His burden light. His gentleness was evident when He gathered children around Him, rebuking His disciples for dismissing them, affirming that the kingdom of heaven belongs to such as these. He treated the outcasts of society with compassion, engaging with sinners, prostitutes, and tax collectors, and conversing gently with the woman at the well in Samaria, drawing her in without condemnation. His meekness shone during moments of great power, such as when He drove out the money changers from the temple with authority, yet immediately turned to heal the blind and lame with tenderness. Even in confrontation, as with the Pharisees whom He called a brood of vipers, His strength was evident, but His gentle nature was never far, as seen in His response to the children praising Him in the temple. At His arrest in the Garden of Gethsemane, when a disciple struck out with a sword, Jesus restrained His own immense power, choosing meekness over violence, knowing His purpose was to save, not to destroy. As a King, He entered Jerusalem lowly, riding on a donkey, fulfilling prophecy as a meek and gentle leader, not a domineering tyrant. Despite knowing of Peter's denial and Judas' betrayal, He did not react with anger but maintained His gentle restraint, commanding love for enemies and good toward those who hate. From the cross, He prayed for forgiveness for those who crucified Him, embodying supreme meekness in the face of suffering, neither reviling nor threatening in return. Jesus rebuked His disciples, James and John, when they sought to destroy a Samaritan village for refusing them lodging, reminding them that the Son of Man came not to destroy lives but to save them, emphasizing gentleness over ferocity. His example, as prophesied by Isaiah, shows Him bearing griefs and sorrows, remaining silent like a lamb led to slaughter, with no violence or deceit in His mouth. Jesus Christ, gentle and lowly of heart, stands as the ultimate model of strength under control, guiding His followers to live with the same meekness and tenderness toward others.

Who Gets Jesus' Vote?

CGG Weekly by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ never spoke on political matters, as evidenced by His response to the Pharisees about taxes: "Why do you test Me? . . . Render therefore to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's" (Luke 20:23-25). He separates the obligations to government from those to God, indicating that the politics of this world do not blend with true religion. When questioned by Pilate, "Are You the King of the Jews?" (John 18:33), Jesus answered, "My kingdom is not of this world. If My kingdom were of this world, My servants would fight, so that I should not be delivered to the Jews; but now My kingdom is not from here" (verse 36). His Kingdom remains apart from this world, with Him at His Father's right hand in heaven until the time of His return. Consequently, His servants should avoid involvement in worldly political conflicts. Upon His return, Jesus does not align with any political faction but judges and makes war in righteousness, striking the nations with a sharp sword from His mouth and ruling them with a rod of iron, treading the winepress of the fierceness and wrath of Almighty God (Revelation 19:11, 15). His disdain for human governments of any kind is apparent, as He aims for total authority and to establish Himself as a benevolent ruler for eternity.

What Did Jesus Do?

'Ready Answer' by Staff

Jesus Christ, as depicted in the gospels, lived a human life from His birth in Bethlehem to His death on Golgotha. Though begotten by the Father, He experienced a normal life, growing up as a carpenter with brothers and sisters. He faced unique trials, fasting for forty days and being tested by satan, where He denied the temptations of food, protection, and power, setting a foundation for how He lived His human life and how we should live ours. Throughout His life, Jesus served others exhaustively, despite having the same physical limitations as other men. His service included preaching a life-giving way, righting wrongs, feeding thousands, and healing many, demonstrating God's power. A profound example of His service is seen in the footwashing of His disciples, revealing a deeper level of service even during the worst time of His life. He taught that we should serve mankind not only in good times but also during the most difficult moments. Jesus lived with the full realization that He would suffer greatly for who He was and what He stood for, providing an example of suffering patiently without retaliation. His humanity is evident in His prayer in the Garden of Gethsemane and in His feeling of total desertion at the time of His death. Even in extreme situations, He showed us how to face seemingly insurmountable trials, reminding us that God is there to help. As the Logos, the God of the Old Testament, and Lord of the Sabbath, Jesus upheld God's Sabbath and holy days, which are a sign of a perpetual covenant between God and His people. His life offers an exact representation of what He did, providing comfort and guidance in overcoming trials and living as He did, shifting focus from self to serving others. He elevated existing principles, adding a spiritual dimension to a righteous way of life, embodying the true religion: to follow God and live His way.

Was Jesus a Jew (Matthew 1:1-16)?

Bible Questions & Answers

Jesus Christ, a descendant of Judah, was a Jew from the Davidic, kingly line of Judah. Several verses refer to Him as the Son of David. God inspired the apostle Paul to write that it is evident our Lord arose from Judah. In Revelation, one of the twenty-four elders calls Jesus the Lion of the tribe of Judah. Long before His birth, it was prophesied that Shiloh the Messiah, the Prince of Peace, would come from the tribe of Judah. In His conversation with the woman at the well, Jesus includes Himself among the Jews, stating that salvation is of the Jews. However, the Jews rejected Him, as it is written that He came to His own, and His own did not receive Him. Paul speaks of God sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and Christ took on the flesh and blood of His physical parent Mary, being born as a human being by a divine begettal into the nation, area, and family of Judah.

Why Hebrews Was Written (Part Twelve): The Son's Superiority Over Angels

'Personal' from John W. Ritenbaugh

The magnificent epistle to the Hebrews reveals profound insights into the work and character of Jesus Christ, our Creator and Savior, who remains actively involved in spiritual operations to this day. When He invites us into His church, we may initially know little about Him, but through His calling, God expects us to grow in understanding of His activities and character as He prepares us for roles in His coming Kingdom. Jesus of Nazareth declared that without Him, we can do nothing toward producing fruits that glorify God, making a continuously warm relationship with Him an absolute necessity for our conversion and transformation into God's image. Jesus experienced intense hatred in His homeland, Judea, culminating in His death, and this hostility persisted in the persecution of His disciples. Though born of a human woman, His Father is the eternal God of heaven, rendering Him both divine and human, retaining His divinity throughout His earthly life. As the Creator God, He created the angels and humanity, standing higher and greater than all living things except the Father, now seated at the Father's right hand in heaven, the source of all power and sinless purity. Many Jews who initially opposed His appointment as High Priest under the New Covenant repented upon learning the scriptural and experiential details of His origin, recognizing His unmatched qualifications. The title Son of God, which Jesus carried even as a human, conveys a unique and superior relationship with God, one that angels do not share, as no angel is ever called My Son in Scripture. This title, alongside His Hebrew birthname Jesus (Yeshua, Savior), inspired by God, authenticates His continuous relationship with the Father, a truth reinforced by His sinless life. God commanded the angels to worship the Son as God, affirming that Jesus is indeed God, despite appearing merely human to the naked eye. His Hebrew name, Yahweh, I AM, underscores His eternal divinity. The apostle in Hebrews establishes that Jesus of Nazareth is far superior to any angel, as the Creator is to His creations. The pre-incarnate Jesus, the Word, created the angels and all living things, and God has never said to any angel, "Sit at My right hand, till I make Your enemies Your footstool," a position reserved for Him. This decision clarifies the order among His created beings, with angels as valuable servants, yet created to serve under us in the exalted offices for which He is preparing us, a truth both awesome and humbling.

Why Hebrews Was Written (Part Eight): Hebrews 1

'Personal' from John W. Ritenbaugh

The epistle to the Hebrews immediately focuses on Jesus Christ, identifying Him by titles and associations with a magnificent series of mind-boggling accomplishments and bestowed honors. God sets a strong foundation in the opening paragraph to convince skeptics of His qualifications as High Priest under the New Covenant, assisting the elect children called into His Family. God names Him as His only begotten Son, the One who will inherit all things, through whom the entire creation came into being, and who has given life to all creatures, including humans. He is appointed as the brightness of God's glory and the express image of His person, upholding all things in creation by the word of His power. He purged our sins by sacrificing His perfectly lived life in an extremely painful death, rose from the dead, and ascended to heaven to be seated at the Father's right hand, filling the second-highest position of power and authority in the universe. God challenges skeptics by asking if any other, angel or human, has been addressed as His begotten Son or invited to sit at His right hand until His enemies are made His footstool. Jesus Christ is exalted above angels, living eternally as the Creator God who began the universe and will end it, remaining the same through the establishment of a new heaven and a new earth. He became human, paid the penalty for sins, and achieved a triumph no angel could match, sitting on God's throne in the place of highest honor. Jesus of Nazareth is the Promised Seed, born among the people of Judah, to whom He preached the gospel of the Kingdom of God. He is introduced as the literal Creator of the universe and mankind's Life-giver, a stunning revelation that amazed the apostles who walked with Him for three and a half years. The apostle John provides a fuller description of His identity, emphasizing His oneness with the Father, stating that He and His Father are one. John uses the term monogenes, translated as only begotten, to describe Him, indicating a unique human family relationship and singleness, with no others like Him in Scripture. John's writings confirm that Jesus, the Word, was in the beginning with God, the Father, implying They were never apart, both eternal Beings without beginning or origin. All things were made through Him, confirming His role as Creator of everything—heavenly bodies, animals, vegetables, minerals, laws, forces, and energies that support life. He is the source, fountain, origin, and cause of life, from whom all life flows, and He upholds all things by the word of His power, keeping all alive and in order to this day.

Fully Man and Fully God?

'Personal' from John W. Ritenbaugh

Some in the church of God have begun to doubt the traditional teaching regarding the physical and spiritual makeup of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. This issue was a significant controversy in the first-century church, especially when beliefs like Docetism, suggesting Jesus was physical but Christ was a separate spiritual being, began to spread. In addressing John 2:19, where Jesus says, 'Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up,' the question arises of how He could be both fully man and fully God simultaneously. Additionally, if Jesus were dead, how could He raise Himself from the dead? Scriptures confirm that death is a state without awareness, as seen in I Corinthians 15:3 where Paul states Christ died for our sins, and in Revelation 1:18 where Jesus Himself declares, 'I am He who lives, and was dead, and behold, I am alive forevermore.' If Jesus was unaware in death, it is impossible for Him to have raised Himself. Acts 2:24 clarifies that God raised Jesus up, loosing the pains of death, as it was not possible for death to hold Him. This is reiterated twenty-three times in Scripture, showing that Jesus could not perform the resurrection Himself because He was dead. In John 2:19, Jesus speaks metaphorically of His Body as the temple, representing the church. The true meaning is that His physical body at that time was the extent of His church, being its only member. Once the Father resurrected Him, and He became Mediator and High Priest, He raised a body of believers, the Temple of God, of which we are part, fulfilling His statement in Matthew 16:18 that the gates of Hades shall not prevail against His church. Regarding whether Jesus was fully God, Scripture identifies Him as God, with names like Immanuel, meaning God with us, and as the Word who was God in John 1:1-3. Jesus Himself states in John 8:58, 'Before Abraham was, I AM.' Yet, no scripture explicitly claims He was fully God during His human life. In John 17:5, He prays to the Father to restore the glory He had before the world was, implying a glory He lacked as a human but possessed when He was with the Father before His incarnation. This suggests that while He was God absolutely, there was a distinction in His divinity during His time as a man.

Hebrews (Part Eight): Greater Than Angels (cont.)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

The author of Hebrews begins by persuading the Jews to accept Jesus Christ as their High Priest in the new covenant order, emphasizing His superior qualifications. He presents Christ as the Creator God, with qualifications unreachable by any other, far surpassing the angels whom the Jews held in high regard. Even as a man, Jesus had command over hundreds of millions of angels, remaining their Creator and God. Now ascended to the right hand of God, He holds an office exceedingly higher than any angel, being immeasurably greater as their Creator. To the Jews at the time of conversion, accepting Jesus of Nazareth as God incarnate and the Messiah, who suffered an agonizing death despite His surpassing glory and dignity, was beyond initial comprehension. The author of Hebrews shows that Jesus is of greater regard than the angels, highlighting that the New Covenant, made directly by Jesus Christ, implies an exceedingly higher authority than the Old Covenant, which involved angelic participation. This comparison was a strategic starting point to win over the Jews, establishing Christ's rightful place as High Priest, planned from the very beginning. Hebrews 1:4 states that Jesus became so much better than the angels, having inherited a more excellent name. Verses 4-9 further confirm His divine status, with God declaring Him as Son and commanding all angels to worship Him. His exaltation to High Priest occurred after His death for our sins, marking a transition where He officially became something He was not before, though always God. This appointment, following thirty-three and one-half years as a human, proved His qualification, unmatched by any angel, as He was both God and the sacrifice for mankind's sins. The timeline of this transition began with His birth as a human and ended with His death, fulfilling prophecies such as Psalm 2, where God addresses Him as Son. No angel received such a declaration, underscoring His unique Sonship and divine nature. His character remained unchanged, always God, whether in heaven or on earth, ensuring His role as High Priest and Mediator under the New Covenant.

The God of the Old Testament

'Ready Answer' by Pat Higgins

Jesus Christ is revealed as the Creator God of Genesis, the Word who spoke the world into existence. All things were made through Him, as testified by Paul in Colossians 1:16. As the God of the Old Testament, known as Yahweh Elohim, He declares Himself to be the I AM, the eternal, self-existent Being who is the same yesterday, today, and forever. Being unchanging, He did not come to abolish the laws He created but to give them their full meaning, as stated in Matthew 5:17. He expands the understanding of these laws, covering not just physical acts but also the thoughts and motivations behind them, setting a higher standard of spiritual compliance. As the Creator of the seventh-day Sabbath, Jesus Christ claims ownership over it, stating in Mark 2:28 and Luke 6:5 that He is the Lord of the Sabbath. Nowhere in the New Testament does He relinquish this ownership or trade the day for another. He, along with His disciples and first-century Christians, kept the Saturday Sabbath, and neither He nor the apostles sanctioned the change to Sunday. Despite this, many in Christianity remain unaware that Jesus Christ is the God of the Old Testament, leading to a distorted view of God's law and commandments, particularly the Sabbath, and an unwitting acceptance of human authority over His divine authority.

The God of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Moses

Sermonette by David C. Grabbe

Jesus Christ frequently employs titles or descriptors in the third person, which can create the impression that He is speaking of someone else. For instance, when He refers to the Helper, Comforter, or Holy Spirit, or uses the title Son of Man, as in Luke 9:26, He combines personal pronouns like Me and My with third-person references, yet it is clear He is speaking of Himself. His use of figurative language and third-person descriptions may seem unusual to modern ears, but accepting this style enhances our understanding of His revelations. In Acts 3:13, the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, described as the God of our fathers, is said to have glorified His Servant Jesus, indicating a distinction between the two, though the verse does not explicitly state that this God was the one known by the patriarchs. Similarly, in Acts 7:30-32, the Angel of the Lord, identified as the pre-incarnate Jesus Christ, speaks as the God of the fathers, showing that titles and descriptors can apply to Him and are not always specific to one divine Being. Scripture reveals that Jesus Christ, as the Angel of the Lord, was the divine Messenger who interacted with key figures in the Old Testament. In Genesis 22:11-18, the Angel of the Lord speaks directly to Abraham, identifying Himself as the God to whom Abraham offered his son, and swearing by Himself to bless Abraham's descendants. Likewise, in Genesis 31:11-13, the Angel of God declares to Jacob that He is the God of Bethel, linking Himself to the promises made to Abraham and Isaac. In Genesis 48:15-16, Jacob acknowledges the Angel as the God who provided for him and before whom his fathers walked, confirming that the Angel was their God. At the burning bush in Exodus 3, the Angel of the Lord appears to Moses, and the Lord God, identified as the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, speaks, revealing Himself as I AM WHO I AM. Despite interpretations suggesting two Beings, the text indicates that the God of the fathers visibly appeared, aligning with the Angel's presence. New Testament passages affirm that no one has seen the Father except the Son, supporting the understanding that it was Jesus Christ, as the divine Messenger, who visibly interacted with the patriarchs and Moses. Jesus Christ, known by multiple titles such as the Almighty, Yahweh, the Rock, the Shepherd of Israel, and the Word who became flesh, was the God of the fathers with whom they directly engaged. He is the only way to access the Father, and His various names and descriptors remind us of His multifaceted nature and roles, preventing a narrow perception of His identity.

The Father-Son Relationship (Part Four)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus of Nazareth stands as the unique, anointed Savior of God's people, serving as the Mediator between the Absolute Deity, the Father, and mankind since creation. There is no one like Him in the entire universe. Though He possessed equality with God, He emptied Himself to take the form of a slave, demonstrating that He is of the God-kind, yet not co-equal with the Absolute Deity. Jesus Himself declared that He has a God, His Father, both during His time on the stake and after His resurrection, affirming that even as God in the flesh and later in spirit, His Father remains greater than He. Jesus, as revealed through His own words, acknowledged His Father as the supreme Authority, the Absolute Deity, and His God. He stated in Matthew 27:46, crying out, "Eli, Eli, lama sa-bach-tha-ni?" which translates to "My God, My God, why have You forsaken Me?" Even after His transformation into spirit, as recorded in John 20:17, He reiterated to Mary Magdalene that He ascends to His Father and His God, emphasizing the distinction and hierarchy between Them. Though both are of the God-kind and worthy of worship, They do not share equality in function or responsibility, with the Father as the Source and Jesus as the means through whom the Father reveals Himself. The Father appointed Jesus as the Head over all things to the church, yet His authority remains subordinate to the Father's, as seen in Ephesians 1:17-22. Jesus was sent by the Father, as stated in Galatians 4:4, showing the Father's greater authority over Him, even though He is of the God-kind. Jesus submitted to the Father's will, as expressed in Hebrews 10:5-9, where He declared His purpose was to do God's will, establishing the New Covenant by His obedience. His glory lies not in being the Head, but in His perfect submission to the Father, serving as the ultimate example for mankind. Jesus is the perfect Complement of the Father, filling up and completing the revelation of the Absolute Deity, as described in Colossians 2:9, where the fullness of Deity dwells in Him bodily, expressing the divine nature. He is not the Absolute Deity Himself but represents and reveals the Father through His words and actions. Jesus distinguished Himself from the Father by stating that the Father is greater than He, that the Father sent Him, and that seeing Him is seeing the Father, indicating They are two distinct Beings. His divine nature, relating to and proceeding from God, confirms His role as the One chosen to reveal the Father perfectly to humanity.

Hebrews (Part Thirteen): Chapter 2, A Mind-Bending Purpose (Part Two)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

A relationship with Jesus Christ is of profound importance to our salvation. He must not be ignored through neglect on our part. Jesus Himself emphasized that without Him, we cannot produce fruit that glorifies God. As declared in Psalm 2:7-9, the Lord has said to Him, "You are My Son, today I have begotten You. Ask of Me, and I will give You the nations for Your inheritance, and the ends of the earth for Your possession. You shall break them with a rod of iron; You shall dash them to pieces like a potter's vessel." Further, in Psalm 8:4-6, it is written that God made man a little lower than the angels, crowned him with glory and honor, and put all things under his feet, a reference fulfilled in Jesus, as seen in Hebrews 2:8-10, where we do not yet see all things under man, but we see Jesus, who was made a little lower than the angels for the suffering of death, crowned with glory and honor, that He, by the grace of God, might taste death for everyone. It was fitting for Him, for whom and by whom all things exist, to be made perfect through sufferings as the captain of our salvation, bringing many sons to glory. Many Jewish people, despite hearing Jesus speak and witnessing His miracles, did not grasp who He truly was, even though He declared Himself as God and the Son of Man, stating that He and the Father are one. Their rejection was strong, leading to His murder, yet the church grew rapidly despite persecution. The epistle to the Hebrews, inspired by God, preserves an account of Jesus' history for generations, emphasizing that no one except the Father is more important to our salvation than Him. Jesus admonished that without Him, we can do nothing, underscoring our need for His strength and understanding to accept His Word, which many Jews at the time did not. In Hebrews 1, Jesus' qualifications are listed, establishing His superiority over angels as the merciful Creator God, a truth broached immediately to set the stage for the rest of the epistle. Daniel 7:13-14 identifies the Son of Man, who is Jesus Christ, as receiving dominion, glory, and a kingdom that all peoples, nations, and languages should serve, with an everlasting dominion that shall not pass away. Jesus repeatedly identified Himself as the Son of Man, as seen in Luke 9:44, where He said, "Let these words sink down into your ears, for the Son of Man is about to be betrayed into the hands of men," in Luke 9:56, stating, "For the Son of Man did not come to destroy men's lives but to save them," and in Luke 12:40, warning, "Therefore you also be ready, for the Son of Man is coming at an hour you do not expect." Despite these clear declarations, many Jews rejected Him, lacking the revelation we have, though Jesus did not hide His identity. Revelation 7:13-17 and 21:7-8 highlight the consequences of rejecting a relationship with Jesus Christ, showing that those who overcome through Him will inherit all things and be before the throne of God, while those who reject Him risk the second death. Resurrected mankind, through a pre-resurrection union with Christ, will be manifested to all as second only to the Father and the Son in all creation, a ranking tied directly to our relationship with Him. This relationship is not earned by us but accomplished through God's merciful grace mixed with our faith, enabling us to see Jesus, as Hebrews 2:9 states, not literally, but through the eyes and ears of the Spirit, empowered by God's calling and gift to believe His Word. Jesus, as our Forerunner, set the standard of perfection, following the same basic path we must tread toward glorification and achievement, though not with the same intensity or perfection required of Him. His life and salvation confirm our own, guaranteeing our honor and glory if we remain faithful as part of His body. Our Savior's human life, having much in common with ours, holds great motivational value, demonstrating that His death as the sinless Creator was sufficient to pay the penalty for all mankind. T

The Father-Son Relationship (Part Five)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ, though of the God-kind, is distinct from the Father, who is the Supreme God. He Himself acknowledged having a God, as seen in Matthew 27:46 when He cried out on the stake, "My God, My God, why have You forsaken Me?" This clearly shows His submission to a higher authority. In John 20:17, after His resurrection, He told Mary Magdalene that He must ascend to "My God and your God," affirming that He and Mary shared the same God. Scripture, such as I Corinthians 11:3, states that God is the Head of Christ, and Ephesians 1:15-23 emphasizes that the Father appointed Jesus Christ as the Head of all things to the church, indicating a hierarchy where the superior appoints the subordinate. Jesus Christ's glory lies in His absolute submission to the Father, a path we are to follow as we are created in His image. He is described in Colossians 2:9 as the perfect Complement of the Absolute Deity, revealing the Father to us by completing and making perfect the revelation of the Father. He distinguished Himself from the Father by stating, "The Father is greater than I," and by acknowledging that the Father sent Him, showing He was dispatched by a different Being. His statement, "If you have seen Me, you have seen the Father," underscores that He is the spitting image of the Father, yet remains a separate Being. Jesus Christ is divine, relating directly to the Absolute Deity, but His uniqueness surpasses others called divine, as seen in comparisons with John the Baptist. In Matthew 11:11, He declared John the Baptist as the greatest among those born of women, yet affirmed that the least in the kingdom of heaven is greater than John. John the Baptist himself recognized Jesus Christ's superiority in John 3:30-31, stating, "He must increase, but I must decrease," and affirming Jesus Christ's heavenly origin as being "above all." Jesus Christ confirmed His pre-existence in John 3:12-13, saying He came down from heaven, and John 1:14-15 further establishes that the Word became flesh, existing before John the Baptist despite being born after him. His role as the Son of God further distinguishes Him from the Absolute Deity, as seen in John 1:18 where He declares the Father, whom no man has seen. I Timothy 6:16 confirms that no man can see the Father, yet Jesus Christ, as the visible and audible Image of God, mediated between God and man. His submission is evident in Romans 5:1-2, where we have peace with God through Him, showing He defers everything to the Father. In Matthew 11:25-27, He thanked the Father for revealing truths to babes, accepting the Father's will even when it countered His expectations during His ministry. Jesus Christ's life was marked by moment-by-moment submission to the Father's will, as seen in John 5:30 where He stated, "I can of My own self do nothing," and in John 6:37-40 where He affirmed He came to do the will of the Father who sent Him. In John 4:34, He declared that doing the Father's will energized and strengthened Him to finish His work. Even at the crucifixion, He submerged His will to the Father's, ensuring the purpose of creation would not fail, demonstrating that the Lesser yielded to the Greater.

The Father-Son Relationship (Part Two)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ is named by Paul as the image of the One God, the sole representation permitted by God to portray Him. As the image, He truly reflects the character, attitude, purpose, and virtues such as wisdom, mercy, and kindness of the Father, who is consistently shown as the Source of all things and the object toward which creation moves. The Son, as the image of God, is the One through whom all is being worked out, implying a greater/lesser relationship with the Father. He is the Revelator of Absolute Deity, the Channel through whom we must look to know the Father, and knowing Him, as Jesus Himself stated, is eternal life. In John 17:3, Jesus declares that eternal life is to know the only true God and Jesus Christ, whom the Father has sent, clearly indicating the Father as the only true God and suggesting a hierarchical relationship. In John 17:6-8, Jesus states His responsibility to manifest God's name to the men given to Him by the Father, revealing that all things He has are from the Father, and He has given the Father's words to the disciples, fulfilling His role as the Channel through whom all is accomplished. As our High Priest, He continues to reveal the Father, the only true God, to us. In John 1:1-5, Jesus is identified as the Word, who was with God and was God, through whom all things were made. The term Word indicates His role in revealing God through sound, though John uses it to show a broader expression of God. John's purpose in his Gospel, written primarily to Jewish people familiar with the Old Testament, is to demonstrate that Jesus of Nazareth is the Messiah, the Son of God, and the Image of God. From the beginning, Jesus has been the means, the Channel, and the express Image of God's revelation of Himself, identified as the God of the Old Testament to the Jews and now to us. John clarifies in John 20:30-31 that his writings are to help believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and through believing, have life through His name. The preposition translated as "with" in John 1:1, pros ton Theon, is better understood as "toward God," indicating guidance and direction rather than mere nearness. Jesus, as the Word or Expression, consistently points others toward God through His words, gestures, and example, bridging previous revelations familiar to the Jews with the continuation of God's unfolding purpose through Him. Throughout history, Jesus manifested Himself in various forms to mankind, appearing as a slave, the Captain of the Lord's host to Joshua, in radiant glory during the transfiguration, as a wayfarer to Abraham, and in a different form to disciples on the road to Emmaus. In Philippians 2:5-8, Paul describes Jesus, who, being in the form of God, emptied Himself, taking the form of a slave and becoming obedient unto death on the cross. The Greek term morphe, meaning outward appearance, is used to describe these forms, not indicating His intrinsic nature but His external representation as needed for the Father's purpose. Intrinsically, He was always God, never in bondage, though outwardly appearing as a slave to serve mankind. Jesus, as described in John 15:15, does not fit the characterization of a slave, knowing all that the Father does and serving voluntarily and intelligently. His glory lies in carrying out each representation perfectly, whether in the highest form of God or the lowest as a slave. In Philippians 2:9-11, as a result of His humility and submission, God highly exalted Him, giving Him a name above every name, so that every knee should bow and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father. He is exalted above all, except for the Father, the Absolute Deity. Paul urges us in Philippians 2:12-18 to follow Christ's example of humility and thoroughness, working out our salvation with fear and trembling, as God works in us to will and do His good pleasure. Jesus, seen by Isaiah in glory as the One who became Jesus of Nazareth, always ma

The Helper and the Angel of the Lord

Sermonette by David C. Grabbe

In John 16:25, Jesus Christ declares that He has spoken in figurative language, but a time will come when He will speak plainly about the Father. He indicates that His teachings in chapters 14 through 16 are not straightforward, requiring careful consideration to avoid misunderstanding. In John 14:16, He promises to pray to the Father to send another Helper, identified in Greek as Parakletos, meaning one who goes alongside as an advocate or aide. He clarifies in verse 17 that the disciples already know this Helper, the Spirit of Truth, who has been dwelling with them. In verse 18, He assures them that He will not leave them as orphans, for He will come to them, revealing that He Himself is this Helper, returning spiritually to be within them. Further, in John 14:23, Jesus states that if anyone loves Him and keeps His word, both He and the Father will come to that person and make Their home with them. In verse 26, He equates the Helper, the Parakletos, with the Holy Spirit, though He uses figurative language that might suggest separation. In John 15:26, He refers to the Helper as the Spirit of Truth, whom He will send from the Father, testifying of Himself in a form without physical constraints, different from His previous presence with the disciples. In John 16:7, He reiterates that He will send the Helper after His departure, using figurative language that may seem unusual but aligns with His pattern of self-reference. Jesus often employs third-person titles, such as the Son of Man, to refer to Himself, as seen in Mark 8:38, demonstrating His consistent style of speech. This pattern supports the understanding that when He speaks of sending the Helper, He is referring to Himself in a spiritual role. Additionally, in Exodus 23:20-22, the Angel of the Lord, understood as the pre-incarnate Christ, is sent to guide and protect Israel, bearing the name of the Lord, paralleling how Jesus sends Himself as the Helper. In Judges 2:1, the Angel of the Lord claims to have led Israel from Egypt and made a covenant with them, affirming His identity as the pre-incarnate Christ. Similarly, in Acts 7:38, Stephen identifies the Angel who spoke to Moses on Mount Sinai as the one who delivered the living oracles, confirming that it was Christ who interacted with Israel as their divine guide.

Priceless

CGG Weekly by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Spring heralds Christianity's annual memorial of the Savior's death and His resurrection as our High Priest and soon-coming King. On Passover day, roughly 2,000 years ago, Jesus of Nazareth sacrificed Himself in payment for our sins, opening up access to the Father and making possible our salvation and eternal life. Christ's sacrifice, though distant in time, distance, and culture, remains a profound deed in its execution and accomplishment. Many who claim to be Christians overemphasize His death, minimizing His present, glorious life as our Advocate before the Father and Head of the church. The Father and the Word planned this sinless death of the Creator God from the foundation of the world. The Word divested Himself of His prerogatives as God to become a flesh-and-blood human being, a servant, a mere worm compared to the glories of a spirit Being. Jesus, surrounded by sinful men and women, remained ever-vigilant against the pulls of human nature and the temptations that beset Him. His whole life, He was a target of the archenemy, satan the devil, who relentlessly attempted to lure Him into sin. He endured constant misunderstandings about Himself, His teachings, and His purposes, and was frequently in danger of losing His life. He knew one of His closest friends would betray Him, another would deny Him three times in one night, and ultimately, all His disciples would forsake Him. He knew His Father would forsake Him as part of the plan of redemption. The defiling sins of men throughout history were placed on Him, who was absolutely pure. He endured an unfair and illegal trial from the Sanhedrin, terrible beatings, scourgings, and mockings from the Jews, Roman lictors, and Herod's troops. He was stripped of His clothing and crucified, suffering the most agonizing, cruel, and shameful method of execution. In death, He was completely separated from His eternal companion, God the Father, for three days and three nights. These are among the major sacrifices and sufferings our God and Savior Jesus Christ and His Father endured to bring us forgiveness of sin, a relationship with God, and the potential for eternal life. Priceless.

Hebrews (Part Six): God's Salvation Communication

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

God, who at various times and in various ways spoke in time past to the fathers by the prophets, has in these last days spoken to us by His Son, whom He has appointed heir of all things, through whom also He made the worlds. Jesus Christ, in the brightness of His glory and the express image of His person, upholds all things by the word of His power. When He had by Himself purged our sins, He sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high, having become so much better than the angels, as He has by inheritance obtained a more excellent name than they. God declared to Him, "You are My Son, today I have begotten You," and again, "I will be to Him a Father, and He shall be to Me a Son." When He brings the firstborn into the world, He says, "Let all the angels of God worship Him." To the Son, God says, "Your throne, O God, is forever and ever; a scepter of righteousness is the scepter of Your kingdom. You have loved righteousness and hated lawlessness; therefore God, Your God, has anointed You with the oil of gladness more than Your companions." God also affirms, "You, Lord, in the beginning laid the foundation of the earth, and the heavens are the works of Your hands. They will perish, but You remain; and they will all grow old like a garment; like a cloak You will fold them up, and they will be changed. But You are the same, and Your years will not fail." God further instructs Him, "Sit at My right hand, until I make Your enemies Your footstool." Jesus Christ is central to salvation, as He declared, "Without Me you can do nothing." He is the Potter, we are the clay, and if we are not attached to Him, we cannot produce the fruit necessary for salvation. Our strength and motivation to produce this fruit come through our relationship with Him, and we must work with Him to be in the Kingdom of God. His importance is paramount; He is our Creator, providing the means for our growth and eternity. He actively works to save us, as He stated, "My Father works and I work." His unique qualification is that He has always been God, even as a human being, making Him unparalleled as our Savior. Jesus Christ, as our High Priest, is uniquely qualified, far above all others, with major responsibilities for our salvation. He sacrificed His life for our spiritual benefit, demonstrating the utmost love. He loved His followers to the last and highest degree possible. His teaching and preparation of the apostles over three and a half years, through formal sessions and living examples, set a pattern for our development, requiring faith in His leadership. He continues to guide us spiritually from heaven, opening our understanding of the Scriptures, as He did with His disciples, ensuring we are prepared for the Kingdom of God. He came to His own, but they did not receive Him; yet to those who believe in His name, He gave the right to become children of God. His death and resurrection were necessary, as He taught, for repentance and remission of sins to be preached in His name to all nations. His power was evident even before His birth, as seen when the babe leaped in Elizabeth's womb at Mary's greeting, acknowledging the presence of the Lord. Jesus controlled nature, fed thousands, healed from a distance, raised the dead, and became our Savior by dying for our sins. No one more important to life has ever walked the earth, and God desires us to have a relationship with Him. The Son, through whom God speaks in these last days, declares the Father as no one else can, having existed from eternity and being one with the Father. God chose to communicate Himself by means of the Son, through His perfect words and active life, rendering further prophets unnecessary, as His revelation is complete and authoritative.

Hebrews: Its Background (Part Nine)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

The epistle to the Hebrews centers on Jesus Christ, presenting Him as the most needful Person in all of creation for our salvation. He is the central personality within the book, far surpassing any other figure mentioned. His outstanding qualifications as the Christian High Priest are exposed, strongly encouraging each person's personal relationship with Him and trusting that relationship in the day-to-day conduct of life. Without abiding in Him, no fruit of the Spirit of God can be produced, underscoring the vital importance of this connection for spiritual growth and entry into the Kingdom of God. Jesus Christ is portrayed as the true vine, with His Father as the vinedresser, emphasizing that converts must abide in Him to bear fruit, as a branch cannot produce fruit unless it remains in the vine. He explicitly states that without Him, nothing can be accomplished, highlighting the necessity of this spiritual relationship based on faith. This relationship is paramount, as He is not only our High Priest but also our King, Master, and Captain of our salvation, seated at the right hand of the Father in heaven. Efforts must be made daily to seek Him out, as He remains our God and Savior. The epistle was primarily intended for Jewish converts, and later for Gentile converts, to grasp that the entire Old Covenant priesthood and Temple responsibilities have been supplanted by the single High Priesthood of Jesus Christ. He is indeed God as a man and the Messiah, whose leadership determines key spiritual truths for all Christians. Following in His steps is a spiritual responsibility that begins with this relationship, as exemplified by imitating Him in all actions, just as Paul imitated Christ. This imitation transforms us to become like Him and serves as a witness to the world of His way of life, even when it is costly. The theme of Hebrews is the immeasurable superiority of Jesus Christ as Christianity's High Priest over all who have gone before, surpassing every high priest and every person who has ever lived on earth. He is exalted as the Son, the brightness of God's glory, the express image of His person, upholding all things by the word of His power, and having purged our sins by Himself. He is declared greater than prophets, angels, Moses, Joshua, Aaron, the entire ritual of Judaism, and all saints listed in Hebrews 11, having never sinned even once. His sacrifice, offered once for all through His human body, sanctifies us, achieving what the Old Covenant sacrifices could never do. Hebrews repeatedly emphasizes that everything about Christ is better—better than angels, offering a better hope, a better covenant, a better sacrifice, and making possible a better and lasting possession, a better country, and a better resurrection. His greatness is highlighted as the great High Priest, the great Shepherd of the sheep, and the provider of great salvation, a great tabernacle, a great recompense, and a great cloud of witnesses. The epistle draws converts' attention to the reality of dealing with Him, in contrast to the shadows and symbols of the Old Covenant, pointing to good things to come and a salvation to be revealed at His return. The character of Hebrews focuses on Jesus Christ as the main personality, with the author unnamed to clear the way for readers to concentrate on Him. He is the greatest personality ever to come to earth, born as a baby, yet overcoming human limitations. The High Priesthood of Jesus Christ is open to full view, and through Him alone salvation is given, demanding that the focus of our lives be on Him. The epistle's heavenly emphasis, with Him seated at the right hand of the Majesty on high, sets the tone, contrasting with the carnal, earthy focus of natural life, and no other savior or high priest in any religion compares to Him.

Hebrews (Part Twelve): Chapter 2, A Mind-Bending Purpose (Part One)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

The book of Hebrews addresses critical issues surrounding Jesus Christ, particularly the Jewish perspective that questioned His qualifications as High Priest, favoring an angel instead. They viewed Him as unqualified, lacking experience, and never having served as a priest. Yet, Jesus Himself declared, as recorded in John 15:5, that without Him, we can do nothing, highlighting His essential role in our spiritual lives. A relationship with Him is as vital to our growth as a branch is to producing fruit from a plant, and pleasing God by bearing fruit is crucial to our salvation. Hebrews emphasizes Jesus Christ's superiority over angels, as seen in Hebrews 1:5, where God declares Him His Son, a status never given to any angel. This establishes His offices as High Priest of the New Covenant, Head of the church of God, and future King over the Kingdom of God on earth. The author of Hebrews strongly counters the Jewish rejection of Jesus Christ, asserting His unmatched authority and the miracles that supported His ministry, rendering any comparison to angels inadequate. Hebrews 1:9 further reveals His attitude toward salvation, loving righteousness and hating lawlessness, setting a high standard for Christians to follow. The exhortative nature of Hebrews underscores the importance of maintaining a relationship with Jesus Christ, as without Him, we can produce nothing. His death serves as payment for our sins, saving us from the penalty of sin as long as we remain faithful to our calling. Growth in the grace and knowledge of Jesus Christ is essential, as salvation is not yet assured but hinges on completing the course of our individual race, which ends at our death or Christ's return. Though covered by His blood, we have not crossed the finish line set by God. Hebrews 2:5-9 reinforces that the world to come is not subject to angels but to man, with Jesus Christ, made a little lower than the angels for the suffering of death, crowned with glory and honor to taste death for everyone. This draws from Psalm 8, which speaks of mankind's dominion, showing that Jesus, as the promised Seed and Messiah, holds the highest glory, though the full fulfillment of Psalm 8 awaits. Hebrews 1:13-14 confirms angels are subservient to His authority, further solidifying His position. Additional scriptures, such as II Peter 1:1-11 and 3:17-18, urge diligence in growing in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, emphasizing that God provides all things necessary for life and godliness through Him. Salvation requires active effort and application of His way of life to secure a place in the Kingdom of God. Daniel 7:13-18 identifies Jesus Christ as the Son of Man, given everlasting dominion and glory, a truth present in the Old Testament yet misunderstood by many. Ultimately, we are called to join Him in that same power and glory as part of God's purpose.

God the Father in the Old Testament

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ stands as a central figure in the revelation of God's nature and purpose. In Revelation 22:13, He declares Himself the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last, emphasizing His foundational role in all things. Without Him, we are nothing and can do nothing, underscoring the necessity of starting with Him in any belief system. As revealed in John 1:1-3, Jesus is one of two eternal divine Beings alongside the Father, forming a family structure within Elohim, the God Family, where They operate in perfect harmony and unity of purpose. His ministry brought to light the existence of the Father, a truth not fully known for thousands of years prior, as stated in John 1:18, where He declared and revealed Him. In the creation account of Genesis 1:26, Jesus, as the Word and Spokesman, participated in the decision to make man in Their image, with passages like John 1:3, Ephesians 3:9, Colossians 1:16, and Revelation 3:14 affirming His role as the hands-on Creator. Messianic prophecies in Psalm 2:7, quoted in Acts 13:33, Hebrews 1:5, and Hebrews 5:5, identify Him as the Son, begotten by the Father, anointed as King of kings and Lord of lords. Similarly, Psalm 110:1-4, referenced in Mark 12:35-37 and Acts 2:34-35, portrays Him as the Lord at the right hand of the Father, a truth Jesus Himself clarified to challenge limited understandings of His identity. In Isaiah 61:1-3, quoted by Him in Luke 4:18-22, Jesus applies the prophecy to His own ministry, affirming His anointing by the Father to preach, heal, liberate, and comfort. Daniel 7:9-14 presents Him as the Son of Man, receiving everlasting dominion from the Ancient of Days, highlighting His eternal rule. Despite His divine equality, He acknowledges the Father's greater authority in John 14:28, reflecting Their united yet distinct roles in fulfilling God's purpose to create God-like sons and daughters.

The Father-Son Relationship (Part Three)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ is the Channel through whom all is being done, serving as the Mediator between the Father, the Source, and mankind. He is the One with whom mankind has always interacted, appearing in various forms to Adam, Eve, Abraham, Moses, Joshua, and many others, always as God, under names such as Yahweh, Lord, El Shaddai, El, and El Olam, among over two hundred others. As the Image of the invisible God, as stated in Colossians 1:15, He reveals the Father's nature, enabling us to know Him, which is essential for eternal life. In John 1:1, He is the expression of God, pointing us toward the Father through the phrase pros ton Theon, indicating direction rather than mere association. In His final form as a man of the seed of Abraham, displayed before the apostles for three and one-half years, He showcased God's affections and sacrificial nature, willing to die for His creation. As seen in Philippians 2:12-15, He emptied Himself of equality with God, setting an example for us to work out our salvation with humble fear and trembling. Isaiah 53:3-10 prophesies His life of suffering and sacrifice, despised and rejected, yet bearing our griefs and sorrows without complaint, as a lamb led to slaughter. I Peter 2:20-23 further highlights His example, suffering patiently without retaliation, committing Himself to the Father who judges righteously. As the Mediator, described in I Timothy 2:5, Jesus Christ stands uniquely between God and men, neither Absolute Deity nor merely human, derived from God's Spirit at conception and possessing a human body subject to mortality. His consciousness allows direct communication with the Father while understanding human conditions, needs, and potential, a combination unmatched by any other. He is the express Image of the Father's character, as He declared that seeing Him is seeing the Father due to Their shared nature. In John 17:3-4, He emphasizes that eternal life is knowing both the Father and Himself, having finished the work of revealing the Father and dying for mankind's sins. His role as Mediator spans from the beginning of creation, always revealing the Supreme God's position to mankind, whether in the Old or New Testament. His pre-existence is affirmed in John 17:5, where He speaks of the glory He shared with the Father before the world was, and in John 1:1-5, where He is identified as God at the beginning, through whom all things were made. Jesus Christ's uniqueness is further evidenced by His designation as the only begotten Son in John 3:16, generated directly from God, possessing God's nature from birth with a spiritual pre-existence no other has. John 3:31-35 underscores His preeminence, coming from above, speaking God's words with the Spirit given without measure, and holding a unique relationship with the Father. In Revelation 3:14, He is the Beginning of the creation of God, having primacy over all in a special spiritual creation, as the firstborn from the dead, as noted in Colossians 1:13-16. His identity as the Son of the living God is confirmed by Peter in Matthew 16:13-16, paralleling John 1's identification of Him as the God of the Old Testament. Even demons acknowledge Him as the Son of God in Matthew 4:3, Matthew 8:29, Mark 3:11, and Luke 4:41, recognizing His history as their Creator. Colossians 1:13 uniquely calls Him the Son of His love, a distinction not given to any other, reiterated in Mark 1:11 and Mark 9:7 as the beloved Son in whom God is well pleased. Hebrews 1:1-9 and 1:13 list His distinctions: heir of all things, creator of the worlds, express image of God's person, better than angels, begotten Son, worshipped by angels, holder of a throne, directly called God by the Father, and seated at God's right hand. Hebrews 7:3 likens Him to Melchizedek, without beginning of days or end of life, abiding as a Priest continually, superior to created angels, and always the Mediator between God and man from Genesis 1 onward.

You Are My Witnesses That I Am God

Sermon by Martin G. Collins

John the Baptist bore witness to Jesus Christ, and those who benefit from His work become witnesses by the blessings they receive through the Spirit's enablement of His followers. The disciples who witnessed His resurrection hold a special status as direct witnesses, akin to signatories of a will, and their testimony often leads to martyrdom, as the Greek word for witness, martyrs, signifies in Revelation, even during Christ's time. The events of His arrest, trial, and crucifixion were not random but predetermined and foretold by God, with specific prophecies in Psalm 41:9 and Isaiah 53:3 detailing His betrayal by Judas, rejection by His people, false witnesses, silence before accusers, beatings, crucifixion with thieves, piercing by a spear, and burial in a rich man's tomb, each teaching lessons about His work and the atonement. The story of Barabbas, present in all four gospels, highlights a significant moment where Pilate, seeking to release Jesus, offered the crowd a choice between Him and Barabbas, a notorious robber, insurrectionist, and murderer. Despite Pilate's expectation, the crowd, influenced by the rulers, chose Barabbas and demanded, "Let Him be crucified!" This choice reflects the world's preference for the controllable over the transformative power of Christ, as the Jewish leaders saw only one solution—to eliminate Him, fearing His call to repentance and change. Barabbas, whose name means "son of a father" in Aramaic, represents every human sinner. Bound and awaiting crucifixion, he was unexpectedly freed while Jesus took His place. As he witnessed Jesus' procession to Golgotha, falling under the cross's weight, and heard the hammers striking nails, Barabbas may have realized the substitution—Jesus dying in his stead. Hearing Jesus' words, "Father, forgive them for they know not what they do," and the centurion's declaration, "Truly this was the Son of God," Barabbas stood as a symbol of humanity's salvation through Christ's death, which paid the penalty for sin. In John 19, Pilate, after scourging Jesus and finding no fault in Him, presented Him to the crowd with the words, "Behold the Man!" Despite the brutal beating, crown of thorns, and mockery as "King of the Jews," Jesus bore Himself with dignity and bravery, evoking a possible admiration from Pilate. Yet, the crowd's hatred intensified, not from pity but from opposition to His sinlessness, a reflection of their own moral failings, revealing a deep enmity against God's holiness. The question of who Jesus Christ is remains central, as the value of His death hinges on His identity. The Jewish leaders' true charge against Him was blasphemy for claiming to be the Son of God, a claim Pilate was forced to confront after acquitting Him of insurrection. God's testimony at Jesus' baptism and transfiguration declared, "This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased." Jesus Himself affirmed this in statements like, "Before Abraham was, I AM," and "I and My Father are one." Angels, including Gabriel, announced Him as the Son of God at His birth, while demons acknowledged Him as such during His ministry. Human witnesses, including the Gospel writers, John the Baptist, Martha, and Peter, all testified to His divine identity, with Peter declaring, "You are the Christ, the Son of the living God," a confession Jesus affirmed as revealed by the Father. At His crucifixion, one thief recognized His innocence, pleading, "Lord, remember me when You come into Your kingdom," while the centurion declared, "Certainly this was a righteous Man!" These witnesses, alongside countless others, call for a personal response to Jesus Christ, the author and finisher of faith, who endured the cross and sits at the right hand of God's throne, urging all to consider their own witness to Him.

The Messiah in Three Psalms

Sermonette by Ted E. Bowling

Psalms 22, 23 and 24 form a trilogy, each part of of which is a Messianic prophecy that tells a part of the Gospel of God's Kingdom.

Power Belongs to God (Part Two)

'Personal' from John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ holds a central role in the demonstration of divine power and authority. He declares in Matthew 28:18, "All authority power has been given to Me in heaven and earth." This authority, translated from the Greek word exousia, encompasses jurisdiction, privilege, capacity, freedom, influence, force, and right, extending beyond mere brute strength. Jesus is thus perfectly equipped to address our needs across a vast array of situations. He acknowledges that this authority has been given to Him, implying a greater Being as the source of His power. Jesus emphasizes our dependence on Him, stating in John 15:5, "Without Me you can do nothing." This principle underscores the spiritual reality that our ability to perform righteous works, overcome challenges, and bear the fruit of God's Spirit comes solely through Him. His power enables our efforts to grow into His likeness and enter the Kingdom of God. He also teaches in John 6:44, "No one can come to Me unless the Father who sent Me draws him; and I will raise him up at the last day," highlighting that our very approach to Him is initiated by divine will. Furthermore, Jesus provides insight into God's continuous activity, saying in John 5:17, "My Father has been working until now, and I have been working." This reveals His active involvement alongside the Father in managing and ruling over the affairs of men. As the living Head of the church, it is His role to save us, preparing us for the Kingdom of God, as affirmed in Romans 5:9-11. Our relationship with Him is the key to accessing the deliverance He provides in every circumstance, making it crucial to strengthen and deepen this bond.

Hebrews: Its Background (Part One)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

Jesus Christ holds a central role as the spiritual High Priest seated at the right hand of the throne of God in heaven, a position of unparalleled importance. As our High Priest, He is indispensable to the salvation of God's sanctified ones, for without Him, we can do nothing to produce fruit that glorifies God. His role is so vital that we cannot progress spiritually or enter the Kingdom of God without His mediation. He has obtained a more excellent ministry as the Mediator of a better covenant, established on better promises, surpassing the first covenant which was found faulty. Through Him, God promises a new covenant with the house of Israel and Judah, where His laws will be written in their minds and hearts, ensuring all will know Him and receive mercy for their sins. Jesus Christ, as the Promised Seed, guided the transition following His birth, preaching, crucifixion, resurrection, and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, providing clear instructions for the daily operations of Christianity. His teachings, as seen in Luke 14, set high standards for discipleship under the New Covenant, urging followers to count the cost and forsake all to follow Him. He emphasizes that His death pays for past sins, opening the door for the perfection of our character into His image, while the Holy Spirit aids in keeping God's laws more perfectly. In the Sermon on the Mount, He clarifies that He did not come to destroy the Law or the Prophets but to fulfill them, raising the standard of obedience to the level of intent, making the requirements stricter and higher. His leadership demands devotion and sacrifice, yet offers the empowerment of the New Covenant to overcome spiritual battles and prepare for active participation in God's Family Kingdom.

In The Likeness of Men!

Sermon by Martin G. Collins

In Philippians 2:5-11, we witness the profound descent of Jesus Christ from the second highest position in the universe to His death on the cross, embodying the ultimate act of humility. He, being in the form of God, did not consider it robbery to be equal with God, but made Himself of no reputation, taking the form of a bondservant, and coming in the likeness of men. Found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself and became obedient to the point of death, even the death of the cross. Therefore, God has highly exalted Him and given Him the name above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of those in heaven, on earth, and under the earth, and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father. Before His incarnation, Jesus was in the form of God and equal with God, possessing all of God's attributes as part of the God Family. His preeminence is echoed in John 1:1-4, where He is described as the Word who was with God and was God, through whom all things were made. Jesus Himself spoke of His past glory in John 17:5, requesting to be glorified with the glory He had with the Father before the world was. This preeminence underscores the value of His life as the ultimate pattern of humility and self-sacrifice. In His condescension, Jesus became lower than humans and angels out of love and obedience to His Father, entering human history not with glory or pomp, but as a babe in Bethlehem. He became human, an average-looking man empowered by God's Holy Spirit, to exemplify what humans were intended to be. Jesus Christ became like us so that we might become like Him, demonstrating God's way of redemption and transformation. Jesus experienced temptation, suffering, and disappointment as we do, yet without sin, as noted in Hebrews 4:15. He faced physical, spiritual, and vocational temptations, as seen in Matthew 4, rejecting them on biblical principles. His suffering, detailed in I Peter 2:21, serves as an example for us to follow, enduring patiently without resentment. His disappointment over Jerusalem, expressed in Matthew 23:37, shows His deep empathy for human struggles, enabling Him to sympathize and provide strength to overcome trials. His humility is further highlighted in Philippians 2:6-8, where He did not grasp equality with God but emptied Himself, becoming obedient even to death on the cross. This act of self-humiliation led to His exaltation by God, as every knee will bow and every tongue confess His lordship. His glory, both intrinsic as God's character and visible as divine splendor, was laid aside during incarnation but restored post-ascension, reflecting His oneness with God and His ultimate triumph. Jesus' life and works, as seen in John 14:9-10 and Matthew 11:1-6, reveal the Father's character and truth, offering a test of belief through His words and deeds. His glory, shared with disciples and believers as in John 17:22-24, transforms us into His image through the Spirit, promising a future participation in His eternal glory, as affirmed in Colossians 3:4 and II Timothy 2:11-12. Through His sacrifice, Jesus died to remove sin and reveal God's love, becoming the measure of divine love in Galatians 2:20, inspiring us to reflect that love in our lives.

The Shepherd of Israel

Sermonette by

Psalm 80 shows that the Shepherd of Israel sat between the Cherubim in the Holy of Holies, showing that Jesus Christ is the God who interacted with Israel.

Why Hebrews Was Written (Part Three)

'Personal' from John W. Ritenbaugh

From His place in heaven, Jesus Christ was arranging dramatic cultural shifts for the Jewish converts, reshaping the church profoundly. His High Priesthood and character are opened to full view in the epistle to the Hebrews, revealing His origins, words, works, and personal character, showing that He is worthy of all honor and trust. The first mention of Christ in Hebrews 1:3 describes Him as seated at the right hand of the Majesty on high, setting an emphatic tone of authority for the entire epistle. This heavenly emphasis contrasts with our natural, earthly focus. Hebrews 10:1-10 compares the ministry of Jesus Christ to that under the Old Covenant, noting that while Jewish converts were deprived of past symbols, these were mere shadows of heavenly realities. Through God's calling and gifts, they dealt with eternal realities, preparing for life in the Kingdom of God. Christ declares in John 15:5 that without Him, we can do nothing, underscoring the necessity of the instruction in Hebrews to move forward in faith, confident in following the one and only Leader and Savior. Each book of the Bible enhances the church's ability to fulfill the work Jesus assigned after His resurrection and ascension, as noted in Matthew 28:16-20.

John (Part Four)

Sermon/Bible Study by John W. Ritenbaugh

The apostle John has provided at least eight separate forms of witness, establishing the veracity of Jesus Christ's identity as God in the flesh.