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The God of the Old Testament

'Ready Answer' by Pat Higgins

The apostle John reveals that the Word, who is Jesus Christ, is God and the Creator God of Genesis. All things were made through Him. The Logos, the One who speaks, spoke this world and everything in it into existence. Paul testifies in Colossians 1:16 that Christ was the Creator. Yahweh of the Old Testament and Christ of the New refer to themselves as the First and the Last because both are the same self-existent, eternal Being. In Exodus 3:13-15, Jesus declares that He is I AM, their God. The Bible identifies Jesus Christ as the God of the Old Testament, Yahweh Elohim. Therefore, when Jesus speaks, He is both the God of the Old Testament and the God of the New.

God the Father in the Old Testament

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ as God/LORD of the Old Testament: The Israelites knew only one deity, YHWH, who had made a covenant with them and revealed Himself to Moses on the mount. They generally thought of God in the singular as YHWH. However, they also knew that God identified Himself as Elohim, a plural noun indicating more than one Being. John 1:1-3 clearly states that God and the Word are two separate personal Beings, essentially equals, revealing the existence of the Father and the Son. In Deuteronomy 6:4, the Shema declares, "Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one!" This does not necessarily speak of God as one in number but describes a characteristic of God, indicating that He is unique and united. The Father and the Son are perfectly united in purpose and harmony. Psalm 2, understood as a Messianic prophecy, refers to the Son as "My Son" and "His Anointed," indicating that the One speaking is the Father. This psalm was used in ancient Israel as a coronation hymn, where the king was considered the son of God by anointing. The New Testament clearly applies this to Jesus Christ, revealing the Father and the Son. Psalm 110 is another Messianic prophecy where YHWH refers to the Son, Jesus Christ, and "my Lord" refers to David or a later Israelite king. Jesus and Peter understood this psalm to refer to the Father and the Son, with the Son being greater than David. In Daniel 7, the Ancient of Days, who is the Father, and the Son of Man, who is the Son, are described. Both terms suggest eternity and eternal life, applicable to both the Father and the Son, though the Father is always shown in the senior position.

Why Is Christ, the Son, Called 'the Everlasting Father' (Isaiah 9:6)?

Bible Questions & Answers

Isaiah 9:6-7 declares that a Child is born, a Son is given, whose name will be called Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. The government will be upon His shoulder, and of the increase of His government and peace there will be no end, upon the throne of David and over His kingdom, to order it and establish it with judgment and justice forever. This prophecy points to Jesus Christ of Nazareth, who bears the title Everlasting Father. The God of the Old Testament, identified as Christ, is the One who created all things and is called the Rock in various scriptures. In Deuteronomy 32:6, He is acknowledged as the Father of Israel, having redeemed them from slavery in Egypt, created them, and founded them as a nation. Furthermore, in Jeremiah 31:9, He affirms His role as a Father to Israel, promising to lead them in a future time of repentance when He returns to establish His world-ruling government, maintaining this special relationship throughout eternity as the Everlasting Father.

Jesus Is God

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus claimed to be the God of the Old Testament, a fact reported in the Bible. He stated that He came down from heaven and would return there, indicating His divine origin and eternal existence. Jesus' assertion that no one has ascended to heaven except Him who descended from heaven underscores His unique divine nature. He also claimed to inhabit eternity, aligning Himself with the uncreated nature of God, as mentioned in Isaiah 57:14-15. Jesus used the divine name "I AM" when confronting the Jews, directly associating Himself with the God who spoke to Moses at the burning bush, thus claiming to be the timeless God. Furthermore, Jesus is identified as the Creator in Genesis 1, where He spoke the world into existence, and in John 1:1-3, which states that all things were made through Him. Colossians 1 and 2 reinforce His preeminence as the Creator and Redeemer, affirming His divinity and eternal existence. In Revelation 3:14, Jesus is described as the beginning of God's creation, emphasizing His eternal nature and role in creation.

Jesus in the Feasts (Part One): The Bread of Life

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ is profoundly present throughout the Old Testament, not merely in specific prophecies but as the central figure of the entire narrative. He is often identified as the God of the Old Testament, appearing as the Angel of the Lord or directly interacting with figures such as Abraham, Moses, Joshua, and Daniel. He spoke with Abraham over a meal, met Moses face to face, appeared to Joshua as the Angel of the Lord, and revealed Himself in visions to Daniel. In many instances where God is mentioned, it is almost always Christ who is speaking or acting, addressing the prophets about Israel's sins and the consequences that follow. His character and manner of dealing with carnal man, as well as with those to whom He has given His Spirit, are vividly displayed in these accounts. Beyond His words and personal appearances, Christ is the object of the Old Testament sacrifices, which all point to Him. The furnishings of the Tabernacle also symbolize aspects of His nature and work. Numerous Old Testament figures serve as types of Christ, foreshadowing His life and mission. Isaac, Joseph, Moses, Joshua, David, and others reflect, through their actions and character, various facets of Jesus Christ. Specific events and symbols, such as Abraham's offering of Isaac, the Passover lamb, the bronze serpent in the wilderness, the crossing of the Red Sea, manna from heaven, and water from the rock, are types that Christ later fulfilled directly or through His agency. In the context of the holy days, particularly the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the focus remains on Christ. He is the true bread that came down from heaven, the bread of life that must be consumed daily for spiritual nourishment. This act of ingesting Christ—through His teachings, character, and examples from both the Old and New Testaments—sustains, energizes, repairs, heals, and fosters spiritual growth. Without Him, there is no spiritual life. Christ is the model of sincerity and truth, embodying inward purity and outward goodness, and the feast reminds us annually to integrate Him into our lives through diligent study and practice, shaping us into His image. As the Head of the church, His primary role is to teach us to be like Him, guiding us from the moment of our calling through a rigorous life course of consuming and living out the bread of life.

The Glory of God (Part 2): In Christ

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

The glory of God, as revealed in the Old Testament, finds its ultimate expression in Jesus Christ, who embodies the divine presence and character. In the Old Testament, this glory was often manifested as the Shekinah, a visible representation of God's presence, such as the burning bush where the Lord appeared to Moses in a flame of fire, or the pillar of cloud and fire that guided the Israelites through the wilderness for forty years. This presence, described as Emanuel—God with us—parallels the New Testament revelation of Jesus Christ as Emanuel, God dwelling among humanity in the flesh. Scripture ties the Old Testament manifestations of God's glory directly to Jesus Christ. In Zechariah 6, the crowning of Joshua the high priest symbolizes the coming Branch, an heir of David, who is Jesus Christ. This prophecy declares that He will bear the glory, uniting the roles of King and Priest in one person, reflecting the majesty and essence of God's glory. In John 1, the apostle identifies Jesus as the Word who was with God from the beginning and became flesh, tabernacling among us, full of grace and truth. This directly connects to the Shekinah glory that dwelt in the tabernacle, revealing that the same Person who manifested His glory to Moses, abounding in goodness and truth, is Jesus Christ, now incarnate. Furthermore, in John 11, through the resurrection of Lazarus, Jesus demonstrates the glory of God not as mere radiance but as an act of lovingkindness and faithfulness, proving that He is the Christ. This act manifests God's glory in His actions, serving as a witness to His divine identity. Finally, in II Corinthians, the church is described as the temple of the living God, with the glory that Jesus bore now transferred in part to His followers, making them the habitation of the Spirit and bearers of that same divine glory.

The God of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Moses

Sermonette by David C. Grabbe

Jesus Christ, as the Angel of the Lord, is identified as the God of the Old Testament in numerous accounts. In Acts 7:30-32, the Angel of the Lord appeared to Moses in the burning bush, declaring Himself as the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the God of the fathers. This same Angel spoke to Moses on Mount Sinai, as noted in Acts 7:38, confirming His direct interaction with the fathers. In Judges 2:1, the Angel is shown to have made a covenant with Israel and promised the land to the fathers, actions also attributed to the Lord, Yahweh, suggesting they are one and the same Being under different titles. In Genesis 22:11-18, the Angel of the Lord called to Abraham, stating that Abraham had not withheld his son from Him, indicating that He was Abraham's God who tested and blessed him. Similarly, in Genesis 31:11-13, the Angel of God spoke to Jacob, identifying Himself as the God of Bethel, the same God who promised the land to Abraham and Isaac. Genesis 48:15-16 further reveals Jacob acknowledging the Angel as the God before whom Abraham and Isaac walked, the One who provided for him throughout his life. In Exodus 3, the Angel appeared to Moses in the burning bush, and the Lord God, identified as the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, spoke, presenting Himself visibly. This visibility aligns with various instances in Genesis where the Lord appeared to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The consistent pattern of the Angel and the Lord performing identical actions and bearing the same titles underscores that Jesus Christ, as the divine Messenger, was the God who interacted with the patriarchs and Moses in the Old Testament.

Christ's Revelation of the Father

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ, as revealed in the gospels, is identified as the God of the Old Testament, the visible manifestation of divinity who interacted with humanity throughout history. John establishes in the opening of his gospel that Jesus, referred to as the Word, was with God from eternity past and was Himself God, the Creator of all things. This Word, the Spokesman, communicated truth and reason, speaking at Creation to bring all things into existence. As the visible God of the Old Testament, He was known as Yahweh, the One who walked and talked with Adam and Eve, dined with Abraham, and appeared to Moses and the elders on Mount Sinai, as well as to Joshua, Gideon, and others in various encounters. While Jesus was the visible God, the Father remained the invisible God, unknown to many, as no one had seen Him at any time. The people of Israel, fixated on a misunderstood monotheism from the Shema in Deuteronomy 6:4, often failed to grasp the existence of another divine Being beyond the One they knew as Yahweh. Jesus, as the preexistent Son, was the One who always communicated with humanity, while the Father, also called Yahweh in certain Old Testament passages like "The Lord said unto my Lord," remained largely hidden until revealed through the Son's ministry. Jesus came to declare and expound the Father, making Him known through teachings, narratives, and actions, so that humanity could understand this previously unknown God.

Jesus' Pre-Existence

Sermon/Bible Study by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Many fail to recognize the preexistence of Jesus Christ as Yahweh, the God of the Old Testament, and the Word from before history began. Some hold a narrow view of monotheism, citing Deuteronomy 6:4, "Hear, O Israel: our Lord is one," interpreting it to mean a single person, thus excluding Jesus Christ from divinity. Others believe He was a created being, merely human, or even Michael the archangel, misunderstanding Revelation 3:14 where He calls Himself the "Beginning of the creation of God." Correctly understood, this phrase means the Beginner or Author of God's creation, as supported by Colossians 1:15-17, showing He is the Source of all creation. The New Testament clearly teaches that Jesus Christ was not created but is the Creator of all things, existing timelessly before His human birth, as seen in Hebrews 1:2 and Ephesians 3:9. In Hebrews 7:1-3, Melchizedek, described as king of righteousness and peace, Priest of the Most High God, without beginning or end, mirrors the Son of God, pointing to Jesus Christ as the eternal God being present in Genesis. John 1:1-5 further establishes that Jesus, the Word, was with God and was God from the beginning, possessing self-sustaining life and giving both physical and spiritual life to humanity. In Revelation 19 and I John 1:1-2, Jesus is identified as the Word of Life, the eternal One who has always been with the Father. He declares Himself as the I AM, the One who interacted with Moses and Abraham, affirming His identity as the Almighty God of the Old Testament. John 1:18 reveals that Jesus alone has seen God, having known Him throughout eternity past, enabling Him to declare the Father to humanity. John 3:12-13 and 3:31-32 confirm that He came from heaven, possessing firsthand knowledge of heavenly things, which He taught on earth. Jesus Himself testifies to His preexistence in Luke 10:18, stating He saw satan fall like lightning from heaven, indicating His active role in casting him out and demonstrating the vast power He possesses and shares with His disciples. In John 6:45-46, He claims to have seen the Father, a feat only possible for a divine being, subtly identifying Himself as God. In John 8:52-57, He asserts His existence before Abraham, declaring Himself as the I AM, the God who conversed with Abraham, which the Jews deemed blasphemous. Throughout John, Jesus repeatedly uses the phrase "I am" in titles such as the bread of life, the door, and the light of the world, connecting to the divine name Yahweh and affirming His identity as the God of the Old Testament. In John 10:30, He states, "I and My Father are one," echoing the unity of Deuteronomy 6:4 and equating Himself with the Father. In Matthew 23:37, His emotional lament over Jerusalem reflects personal memories of leading Israel out of Egypt and guiding them through history, confirming He is the Lord of the Old Testament. Paul, in his writings, also identifies Jesus as the Being who accompanied Israel in the wilderness and later became the Savior for sins. Finally, in Revelation 22, Jesus reaffirms His identity as the Ever-Living One, the Creator from the beginning, and the God of the Old Testament, bearing titles only God can claim.

The High Christology of Colossians

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

High Christology as a doctrinal stance was not enough to prevent the eventual apostasy of those in Asia Minor. Doctrine must produce the right conduct.

Hebrews (Part Six): God's Salvation Communication

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

God personally communicated with Adam, Eve, Abraham, Moses, the prophets, and to us through His Son. With the Scriptures, God teaches His faithful today.

Announcing . . . Christ's Birth!

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

The blending of paganism with inspired Scripture has degraded and obscured the meaning and glory of what happened in the announcement of Jesus Christ's birth.

Christ, the Chief Cornerstone

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

If a foundation is flawed, the building cannot stand. God built His spiritual temple on the prophets and the apostles, and Jesus Christ is the chief cornerstone.

Passing By in Glory

Sermonette by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Jesus' walking on the water in the pitch-black darkness of early morning, revealing Himself to the disciples, alludes to the time God passed by Moses.

Image and Likeness of God (Part Two)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus did not take on a different shape or form when He was transfigured. Taking on the image of the heavenly does not vaporize one into shapeless essence.

Christ Our Rock

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

When Moses uses the metaphor of a rock, he thinks of the connotative qualities of enduring, unchanging, solid, awesome, strong, majestic, and beautiful.

Power Belongs to God (Part Two)

'Personal' from John W. Ritenbaugh

Human beings, even those who have been called, have an innate fear that God will not always provide. This fear originates in doubt about God's power.

The Glory of God (Part 1): The Shekinah

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

The Shekinah, the pillar of cloud and fire, depicts God's visible presence and protection. Yet His glory is manifested in many other ways as well.

Why Did God Command Israel to Go to War?

'Ready Answer' by David C. Grabbe

God's command for Israel to execute total war on the Canaanites has a rational—and yes, Christian—explanation. He is not cruel; there is a benevolent reason.

Seeking God in the Mundane

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Pentecostalism, with its sensationalism, is dangerous to a true believer. God is more interested in quietness and meekness than in bombastic displays of power.

Marriage and the Bride of Christ (Part Two)

Sermon by Martin G. Collins

The husband is charged to exercise love to his wife, actually a more demanding task than submitting, carrying more instructions than the command to submit.

Back to Basics

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Increasing knowledge without the capacity to process it leads to insanity. To combat information overload, we must get back to the basics of Christianity.

Faith and the Christian Fight (Part Nine)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

The heroes of faith may have had a longer period of testing than those called now, but the trials will come at greater intensity here at the end.

Passover and Hope

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

The Passover is a beacon of hope in an otherwise hopeless milieu. Jesus provided hope at His last Passover, exuding confidence despite what lay ahead.

Did God Change the Law of Clean and Unclean Meats?

'Ready Answer' by John O. Reid

Were the clean and unclean laws abolished at the cross? A closer look at the pertinent New Testament scriptures reveals God's intent.

One God and One God Only

Sermonette by Mike Ford

Our continued participation in the plan and receipt of blessings from God hinges on our having only one God.

Passover and I Corinthians 10

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Like the Old Testament examples, the Corinthians had a careless presumption, allowing themselves to lust, fornicate, tempt God, and murmur.

The Helper and the Angel of the Lord

Sermonette by David C. Grabbe

Christ frequently used 3rd person titles, such as the Son of Man and the Helper. Just as Christ sent the Helper—Himself—so Yahweh sent His Angel—Himself.

The Father-Son Relationship (Part Two)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Christ Himself asserted the superiority of the Father. Jesus serves as the revelator of the great God, providing the only means of access to Him.

Why Hebrews Was Written (Part Eight): Hebrews 1

'Personal' from John W. Ritenbaugh

Hebrews 1 delivers a knock-out punch to skeptics like many first-century Jews who claimed He falls short in qualifying as our High Priest and Savior.

The Shepherd of Israel

Sermonette by David C. Grabbe

Psalm 80 shows that the Shepherd of Israel sat between the Cherubim in the Holy of Holies, showing that Jesus Christ is the God who interacted with Israel.

The Father-Son Relationship (Part Three)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

The Father and Son are separate; the Father is the source of all power, while the Son serves as the channel through which we interface with the Father.

The Father-Son Relationship (Part Eight)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ and God the Father are one in spirit and purpose, purposing to draw us toward that same kind of unity that currently exists between them.

The Father-Son Relationship (Part Five)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Although Christ is not the Absolute Deity, He is nevertheless the complement of the Father. He had a pre-existence as the God of the Old Testament.

John (Part Four)

Sermon/Bible Study by John W. Ritenbaugh

The apostle John has provided at least eight separate forms of witness, establishing the veracity of Jesus Christ's identity as God in the flesh.

The Bible's Claims About Itself

CGG Weekly by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

We must challenge the Bible to verify its claims, and conversely, we must take up the challenge to put its instructions to the test in our lives.

The Angel and the Apostle

Sermonette by David C. Grabbe

Hebrews 1-2 establish Christ's superiority over angels, but notably do not mention the Angel of the Lord. Instead, the author handles the Angel differently.

John (Part Two)

Sermon/Bible Study by John W. Ritenbaugh

John emphasizes the reality of Jesus as the Logos (a word revealing hidden thought), the manifestation of God in the flesh, emphasizing His preexistence and divinity.

The All-Important Introduction to Revelation

'Prophecy Watch' by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Skipping the first chapter of Revelation deprives us of vital information necessary for understanding the rest of the book.