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Hebrews (Part Nine): Chapter 1: Jesus' Exultation and Christianity's Claims

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

Jesus Christ, the Son of God, is central to the divine proclamation in Psalm 2, where He is twice called God's Son, as well as the Anointed One and the Messiah, clearly identifying Him as the same person. He is the only begotten Son of God, uniquely declared in John 1:17 as being in the bosom of the Father, having revealed Him. As the Son of the Highest, Jesus of Nazareth was God even in the womb, of the same kind as the Father. At the moment of His birth, He became exalted to a position He had not held before, already qualified as God to serve as the New Covenant High Priest. He did not need to qualify for this role in the ordinary sense, for He was already performing the responsibilities throughout His ministry. As God, akin to Melchizedek, He was free to counsel as a High Priest, appointed by God to replace the Old Covenant system. God placed His own Son in this role, just as He was already the King and the payment for our sins. Hebrews 1 presents Jesus Christ as holding the threefold offices of Prophet, Priest, and King simultaneously. He is described as the person through whom God spoke prophetically, as the High Priest who provided purification of sins, and as ruling from His throne with kingly authority, a settled issue for all eternity. Appointed by God for loving righteousness and hating lawlessness, He stands head and shoulders above all others, qualified to lead. He is the door to salvation, the link between life and death, essential to our well-being, with the power and desire to save us. In Hebrews 2, these offices are reiterated as He is referred to as Lord when announcing salvation, crowned with glory and honor as King, and as a merciful and faithful High Priest in service to God. His divine nature is affirmed as He is addressed as God in Hebrews 1:8 and John 1:1-2, being the perfect image of the Father in character and purpose. His Kingdom, already existing in one sense through the Spirit shared with the converted, is devoted to righteousness, bidding us to join with it as its anointed King on the throne. Jesus Christ's witness to the world of the Father and Their purpose, as evidenced in John 1 and Hebrews 1, reveals His divine glory, leaving mankind without excuse. His life and messages radiate light and warmth, upon which mankind is dependent. His atonement for sin, accomplished by Himself as stated in Hebrews 1:3, opens the door to salvation. Exalted to the right side of the Father after rising from the dead, He works with the Father to complete Their plan for mankind. Worship of Him is rightful, as seen with the angels and wise men at His birth, affirming He was always divine, even in the womb. His unchanging nature, as declared in Hebrews 13:8, offers safety amidst external changes, binding us to Him as our Redeemer and Brother. In God's purpose, man's dignity is evident as angels serve us, indicating our immense value to Him. Jesus Christ, as our Creator and Savior-Redeemer, has thoughtfully created us in His image, provided His Spirit for our preparation, and made us aware of His goals for our well-being, challenging us to align our choices with His plans.

What Is 'Son of God'?

Sermonette by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ, referred to as the Son of Man, embodies a profound connection to humanity. Even during His life, there was controversy about His identity, as He asked His disciples, "Who do men say that I, the Son of Man, am?" Many did not recognize Him, guessing He was a prophet like John the Baptist, Elijah, or Jeremiah. Yet, in this title, Son of Man, used by Him more often than any other except the pronoun "I," lies a major portion of His nature, mission, and identity. In the New Testament, this term invariably refers to Him, highlighting His role as someone just like us. He had to be made like His brethren in all things, sharing in flesh and blood, to become a merciful and faithful High Priest. Through His suffering and temptation, He is able to aid those who are tempted. As the Son of Man, He took on the limitations of mortal man—hunger, thirst, weakness, pain, weariness, and temptation—humbling Himself to the point of death on the cross. Though His Father was God, His mother was mortal, subjecting Him to the pulls and weaknesses of the flesh, yet equipped with the mind and Spirit of His Father to overcome and qualify as our Redeemer. As the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, He became our blood kinsman-Redeemer, living with us on our terms, struggling under the same burdens and temptations. He overcame the world, lived sinlessly, and paid for all the sins of mankind for all time with one sacrifice. Every time He used the term Son of Man, He identified Himself with humanity, declaring, "I am your blood kinsman-Redeemer. I am just like you. And I can do this." For His sacrifice, the Son of Man received great reward, taking the preeminent place among mankind as the Firstborn of the dead, sitting at the right hand of God. As the Son of Man, He can forgive sins, is Lord of the Sabbath, will return in glory as King of kings, serves as Savior, Messiah, Judge, dispenser of eternal life, and Head of the church, with authority over all things. The term Son of Man implies both the restrictions and weaknesses all men face, which He overcame as our perfect representative, and the potential for all men to be glorified by following His example.

Jesus and the Rebellious Son

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ, the Son of God, stands as the perfect righteous Son, in stark contrast to the rebellious son described in Deuteronomy 21:18-21. At the appointed time, God the Father sent His Son into the world as Savior and Redeemer, the anointed Messiah. He lived without sin, providing a flawless model for godly living amidst a sinful world, qualifying as the High Priest and Mediator of the New Covenant. Even Pilate, a cynical Roman politician, declared Him faultless during His trial, affirming His spotless and holy nature. He is worthy of all praise, glory, and honor, being the exact opposite of the rebellious son. Yet, the Jewish leadership of the first century condemned Him as if He were the rebellious son, exhibiting perverted judgment driven by guilt, expedience, fear of loss, and envy. They accused Him of being a stubborn rebel against their traditions, calling Him a winebibber and a glutton, and charged Him with blasphemy, even attempting to stone Him or throw Him off a cliff. In their unjust judgment, they sought to rid themselves of Him, not recognizing Him as the way, the truth, and the life, nor as their Savior and the perfect Man. Ironically, by rejecting Him, they removed the very One who could save them, bringing upon themselves the curses of the covenant. God sent forth the Spirit of His Son into the hearts of those who follow Him, enabling them to have the same relationship with the Father as the Son does. This Spirit works to transform rebellious, sinful individuals into true, righteous sons of God, making them fellow heirs with Christ. As the righteous Son, He will return as the King of kings to establish His throne on earth, teaching the survivors of the great judgment to live as righteous sons like Him, assisted by those who have been changed into immortal, righteous children of God. Through this, God will begin to resolve humanity's cycle of stubborn rebellion, closing the perpetual gap between the Father and His children.

Jesus Christ's Trial (Part Two)

Sermon by Martin G. Collins

No trial has so challenged the western world or so charged our emotions as the trial of Jesus Christ by the Jewish and Roman authorities in Palestine. Other trials were passive and routine compared with the trial and crucifixion of Jesus Christ. No person has been hated more than the totally innocent Jesus. The arrest of Jesus Christ took place very late at night on Passover 31 AD, when a mob guided by Judas and led by the chief priests and captains of the Temple came out with swords and clubs. The trials of Jesus Christ had four main features: the arrest, the Jewish trial, the Roman trial necessary for execution, and the crucifixion carrying out the sentence. The arrest and Jewish trial of Jesus Christ were marked by numerous illegalities. The arrest was conducted at night, which was against the law, achieved through a traitor, Judas, and lacked a specific formal accusation. These errors should have resulted in an immediate acquittal of Jesus Christ. The private appearance before Annas was also illegal, being at night and by a single judge, with Jesus Christ within His rights to refuse answering interrogations. The Sanhedrin knew Jesus Christ claimed to be the unique Son of God, a charge they considered blasphemy punishable by death if untrue. The Jewish trial itself broke several laws: it was at night, on the day before the Sabbath, completed in one day, secured a conviction based on His own confession, and concluded with a unanimous verdict, which was invalid under Hebrew law. Caiaphas violated legal restrictions by directly asking Jesus Christ under oath if He was the Christ, the Son of God, leading to His conviction for blasphemy when He affirmed the claim. The trial lacked a defense for Jesus Christ, a fundamental right absent in this case, exposing the proceedings as a manifestation of hate by the authorities against Him. The greatest illegality was the failure to inquire into the truth of His claims as the Messiah and unique Son of God, rendering the trial a judicial murder rather than a fair inquiry. In defense of Jesus Christ's claims, Old Testament prophecies supported His identity as the Messiah. He was born in Bethlehem, of a virgin, and of the house of David through both His natural mother and adopted father. His appearance was preceded by a forerunner like Elijah, identified as John the Baptist. Jesus Christ performed many great works and miracles, made a public entry into Jerusalem on a donkey, was betrayed by a close friend for thirty pieces of silver, and was a man of common appearance, despised and rejected by Israel's leaders, all fulfilling prophecies. Regarding His claim to be the unique Son of God, Old Testament scriptures reference a figure who is both human and divine, called the Mighty God, and suggest an incarnation, God becoming flesh as Immanuel, meaning God with us. These passages indicate appearances of the Eternal on earth in human form, supporting that Jesus Christ met the tests for being the one prophesied. Despite this evidence, the Jewish rulers, influenced by enmity, would likely not have been convinced of His innocence even if a defense had been presented. However, the defense was reasonable and adequate, based on clear Old Testament teachings, sufficient to create reasonable doubt of His guilt, and showing evidence that He was indeed who He declared Himself to be.

Jesus and the Feast (Part One): Alignment With God

Feast of Tabernacles Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

In the context of the Feast of Tabernacles, Jesus Christ, Son of God, emerges as a central figure of divine revelation and authority. During this feast, as documented in John 7, He speaks and acts with profound insight, addressing themes of timing, true teaching, righteous judgment, and origins. Despite efforts by Jewish authorities to entrap Him, He navigates the tense situation with wisdom, initially choosing not to attend the feast openly due to threats against His life. His brothers, lacking belief in Him, offer worldly advice to seek popularity, but He responds with a focus on divine timing, declaring that His time has not yet come. When He eventually teaches at the Temple, His knowledge astounds the authorities, who question His credentials. He counters by asserting that His teaching is not His own but comes from God the Father who sent Him, emphasizing His perfect alignment and obedience to the Father. This relationship verifies the divine source of His doctrine, and He warns that rejecting His teaching is tantamount to rejecting the Father. He challenges the authorities' hypocrisy, pointing out their failure to keep the law while seeking to kill Him, revealing their lack of proper attitude and motivation to understand God's truth. Jesus also addresses accusations of blasphemy for claiming equality with the Father, boldly affirming that He works the works of God because that is what His Father does. He declares His role as Eternal Judge, entrusted by the Father due to His unwavering commitment to do His will, making Him worthy of the same honor as the Father. His actions, such as healing on the Sabbath, reflect righteous judgment, prioritizing love and restoration over strict ritual observance, aligning with God's will to heal and make whole. Amidst confusion about the Messiah's origins, He publicly clarifies that while the people think they know Him, His true source is God Himself, whom they do not know. His deep, unbreakable relationship with the Father underpins His mission as Savior, and though His statements provoke anger and attempts to seize Him, divine timing protects Him. Some accept His words, convinced by His miracles, affirming His identity and message as rooted in the Father's truth. Ultimately, Jesus Christ stands as the embodiment of holiness, truth, and authority, assuring that His teachings and promises are trustworthy for complete salvation, even as challenges mount in a doubting world.

Why Hebrews Was Written (Part Twelve): The Son's Superiority Over Angels

'Personal' from John W. Ritenbaugh

The epistle to the Hebrews provides remarkable insight into the work and character of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, who is vital to our conversion and transformation into God's image. Though Jesus was born of a human woman, His Father is the great, eternal God of heaven, making Him both divine and human. He retained His divinity throughout His human life; while He walked the earth, He was never just human or just God. As the Creator God, He created the angels as well as humanity, and He is higher and greater than all living things except for the Father. He now sits at the Father's right hand in heaven, at the very source of all power and sinless purity. The title Son of God immediately conveys a relationship with God that is superior to what angels have, as nowhere in Scripture are angels considered sons as Jesus was. There is no record in Scripture that any angel was ever called My Son by God. This title suggests a continuous relationship with God, a truth that authenticates Him throughout all time. Jesus never sinned, not even once, which is a huge and telling truth when considering human tendencies to bend the truth. God commanded the angels to worship the Son as God, and for angels to worship someone who was not God would have broken the first commandment. Yet they do worship Him, confirming that Jesus was always more than human. He is royalty in God's Family, worthy of the highest honor that God the Father can bestow on anyone, and is prophesied as God's Anointed, the Messiah, who will reign from God's holy hill of Zion. Jesus Christ is far superior to any angel, as any creator is superior to even the best of his creations. The pre-incarnate Jesus, the Word, created the angels and gave them life, just as He did to all living things in this creation. God has made His decision regarding the order among His created beings clear: while angels are valuable and highly qualified servants, they are not created for the more exalted offices He is preparing us to occupy under Jesus Christ.

Jesus Was a Carpenter

CGG Weekly by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Nazareth's citizens could not reconcile their long-time knowledge of Christ with His ministry. Stuck on the stereotype, they failed to see how He could be more.

Why Hebrews Was Written (Part Ten): Christianity's Claims

'Personal' from John W. Ritenbaugh

Here are twelve claims that the Father, the Son, and Their way of life make upon humanity, giving mankind no excuse for its failure to respond to God.

Hebrews (Part Two): Who Was Jesus?

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

If we understand the function of the Old Covenant as explained in Leviticus, we will better understand the New Covenant and not reject the law of the Savior.

Hebrews (Part Three): Who Was Jesus? (cont.)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

John identifies Christ as co-eternal with the Father, equal in character, but subordinate in authority. Christ's sonship was unique; He was the 'only Begotten Son.'

The Father-Son Relationship (Part Four)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus referred to His Father as 'My God,' indicating that They do not share equality, preeminence, or superiority. They are equal in kind, but one is subordinate.

Fully Man and Fully God?

'Personal' from John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ is called both 'Son of Man' and 'Son of God,' raising weighty questions about His nature. Could He have both full humanity and full divinity?

The Father-Son Relationship (Part Three)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

The Father and Son are separate; the Father is the source of all power, while the Son serves as the channel through which we interface with the Father.

Jesus Disqualified?

'Ready Answer' by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

Some say Christ cannot be the Messiah because of His genealogy. Here is why this argument is fallacious and why Jesus IS our Savior!

God Is . . . What?

Booklet by John W. Ritenbaugh

What is God's nature? Is God one Being? Two? Three? Bible students have long searched for the answers to these questions. The truth is both simple and profound.

Christ's Revelation of the Father

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

John 1:1-3 reveals Jesus' pedigree as the Logos (Spokesman), whose function was to declare or reveal the Father. He had existed with His Father from eternity.

The God of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Moses

Sermonette by David C. Grabbe

The identical actions of the Lord and the Angel of the Lord show they are the same Being. The God known by Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Moses was Jesus Christ.

'Unto Us a Son Is Given'

CGG Weekly by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

It is high time for our conception of Christ to rise above the mere physical, which Christmas tends to emphasize, to the glories of His present and future work.

Jesus' Pre-Existence

Sermon/Bible Study by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

It's not just an intellectual exercise to say Jesus was the God of the Old Testament - we must truly believe and submit to Him as eternal God and Savior.

God the Father in the Old Testament

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

The Hebrew Scriptures reveal the existence of the Father. Deuteronomy 6:4 refers to God as one, signifying unity of purpose and identical character.

The Father-Son Relationship (Part Five)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Although Christ is not the Absolute Deity, He is nevertheless the complement of the Father. He had a pre-existence as the God of the Old Testament.

The Father-Son Relationship (Part Eight)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ and God the Father are one in spirit and purpose, purposing to draw us toward that same kind of unity that currently exists between them.

The Father-Son Relationship (Part Two)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Christ Himself asserted the superiority of the Father. Jesus serves as the revelator of the great God, providing the only means of access to Him.

The High Christology of Colossians

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

High Christology as a doctrinal stance was not enough to prevent the eventual apostasy of those in Asia Minor. Doctrine must produce the right conduct.

Fully Man and Fully God? (1994)

'Personal' from John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus Christ is often misunderstood. The phrase 'fully man and fully God' does not have biblical support; Christ's real nature is much more meaningful.

You Are My Witnesses That I Am God

Sermon by Martin G. Collins

Christ's trial and crucifixion were not historical accidents; rather, God prophesied both events in minute detail in Old Testament scriptures.

Hebrews (Part Six): God's Salvation Communication

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

God personally communicated with Adam, Eve, Abraham, Moses, the prophets, and to us through His Son. With the Scriptures, God teaches His faithful today.

The Nature of God: Elohim

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Understanding Elohim teaches us about the nature of God and where our lives are headed. Elohim refers to a plural family unit in the process of expanding.

Announcing . . . Christ's Birth!

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

The blending of paganism with inspired Scripture has degraded and obscured the meaning and glory of what happened in the announcement of Jesus Christ's birth.

We Shall Be God

Sermon/Bible Study by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

Though it may sound pretentious or even blasphemous, God's Word shows that we will become literal offspring of the Eternal God, sharing His name and nature.

Four Views of Christ (Part 4)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh

Jesus sets a pattern for us by serving without thought of authority, power, position, status, fame, or gain, but as a patient, enduring, faithful servant.

A Son Is Given

Sermon by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

The names of God reveal His character and attributes, and so also with Jesus. The reasons for Jesus Christ's incarnation are revealed in His names.

Christ Coming in the Flesh

Sermon/Bible Study by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

John and other biblical authors emphasize that Jesus Christ came in the flesh as a human being. Jesus had to be fully human to die for human sins.

The Post-Resurrection Last Words of Christ (Part Two)

Sermon by Martin G. Collins

It is presumptuous to cast aspersions on Thomas, using the cliché 'Doubting Thomas,' as he was braver than most of us would have been in his circumstances.

The Gospel of Jesus' Wife

Sermonette by Mike Ford

Harvard Theology Professor Karen King promoted a forged papyrus scrap, allegedly proving Jesus was married, after being scammed by Walter Fritz.

Hebrews (Part Eight): Greater Than Angels (cont.)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

Hebrews 1:3-4 describes the dramatic transitional period in which God begot Christ, making Him the only human being who could qualify as our Messiah and Savior.

Who Was Barabbas?

Sermonette by Ted E. Bowling

Barabbas symbolizes all of us who have earned the death penalty unjustly placed on Jesus Christ, a sinless substitutionary sacrifice, saving our lives.

The Branch

'Prophecy Watch' by Richard T. Ritenbaugh

The Branch is a well-known Old Testament prophetic figure, identified as the Messiah by most people. Yet, is there more to it than that? What does it mean to us?

Life Doesn't Work on a Balance Sheet (Part Two)

CGG Weekly by David C. Grabbe

Being God's Son was not enough to automatically qualify Him to be our High Priest. He was made complete and fully ready to be High Priest through sufferings.

Hebrews (Part Twelve): Chapter 2, A Mind-Bending Purpose (Part One)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

To counteract complacency, Hebrews warns against neglecting God's invitation of salvation, which He does not guarantee until sanctification has run its course.

Hebrews (Part Seven): Greater than Angels

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

The book of Hebrews systematically proves Christ's superiority to patriarchs, prophets, the Levitical Priesthood, and angels, establishing His credentials.

Malachi's Appeal to Backsliders (Part Two)

Sermon by Martin G. Collins

Malachi assures the people of Judah that if they repent, God's favor will resume, but if they continue defiling the Covenant, a day of reckoning will come.

The Trinity and the Holy Spirit (Part One)

Sermon by John W. Ritenbaugh (1932-2023)

The true understanding of Elohim dismantles the entire trinity argument. God is reproducing Himself; we are being prepared to become a part of Elohim.

Hebrews (Part One)

Sermon/Bible Study by John W. Ritenbaugh

In terms of spiritual insight, Hebrews is a pivotal book, whose function is to bridge the purposes and themes of the Old and New Testaments.